國二(上)文法 25-21
一. ever
(曾經)只用於 否定句/疑問句,常與
no/ not/ nobody/
nothing …連用.
若是在 肯定句中,要表示“曾經”的意思,則用
once代替 ever.
例1.你哥哥上過補習班嗎 ?(疑問句) <肯/否簡答>
Does/Did your brother
ever go
to cram
school?
Yes, he does./ did. No,
he never
does./ did. è No, never.
例2.沒有人見過外星人.(否定句) No..one/ Nobody
ever sees
an alien.
例3.這裡不曾發生什麼怪事.(否定句) Nothing
strange ever
happened here.
例4.他們曾經去過墾丁.(肯定句) They ever(x)/once(0)went to Kenting.
è They went to Kenting ever.(x)/
once.(0)
二. instead
與instead of (取代/反之)
例1.我們沒有果汁了,所以用汽水代替.
We had no juice ,so/ ,but/ ； we had pop soda instead
of.
èWe had no juice . We had pop soda instead
of.
èWe had pop soda instead(x)/instead..of(0)juice.
例2.我們不是該用紙杯代替塑膠杯嗎? Shouldn’t we use Paper cups
instead(x)/instead..of(0)plastic
cups?(x)/ one?(x)/
ones?(0)
三. until
=till (直到…為止)的用法.
例1.路易一直睡到中午(才起來). Louie slept until/till noon.
èLouie didn’t get up until/till noon. è Louie got up at noon.
例2.艾莉絲一直哭到警察阿姨來(才停止).
Iris was crying until/till the policewoman came.
èIris didn’t stop to..cry(x)/crying(0) until/till the policewoman
came.
例3.亞力克斯直到10歲才見到他阿公和阿嬤.
Alex saw(x)/didn’t..see(0)his
grandparents until
10./he..was..ten.
四. 情緒動詞屬於及V.,有兩個分身(現分/過分)用法如下:
1.現在分詞(Ving),已變性為形容詞,表主動/進行,用於修飾事/物,只與to(介)連用.
2.過去分詞(Ved與過去式同形),也已變性為形容詞,表被動/完成,用於修飾人,
搭配固定的介系詞,而形成形容詞片語(Adj. Phr.)
例1.那個最新的線上遊戲,我們都有興趣.(3) (主物/主人) (過去式)
That latest on-line game(主物)interested(及V.=過)us.
è That latest on-line game(主物)was..interesting(現分=形)..to(介)us.
è We(主人)were(V.)..interested(過分=形)..in(介)that latest on-line game.
例2.她們對背生字很厭煩.(3) (主物/主人) (過去式)
To..memorize/ Memorizing(主物)new words tired(及V.=過)them.
èTo..memorize/Memorizing(主物)new words was..tiring(現分=形)..to them.
èThey(主人)were..tired(過分=形)..of(介)memorizing(動名=O.)new words.
例3.阿嬤給我的壓歲錢令我驚喜.(3) (主物/主人) (過去式)
The lucky money(主物)from Grandma
surprised(及V.=過)me.
èThe lucky
money(主物)from Grandma
was..surprising(現分=形)..to(介)me.
èI(主人)was..surprised(過分=形)..at(介)the lucky money from
Grandma.
五. or(對等連接詞/對等連)的用法 <現簡式動詞與過簡式的V-be，要和主詞一致>
例1.不是你就是伊蓮生病了.
Either you or Elaine were(x)/was(0)sick.
例2.你還是安住常遲到? 是我.
Is(x)/Are(0)you or Andrew often
late? It’s..me./ I..am.
例3.不是你就是茱莉亞常牙痛.
Either you or Julia often have(x)/has(0)a toothache.
例4.是你還是妮可常肚子痛呢? 是妮可.
Does(x)/Do(0)you or Nicole often
has(x)/have(0)a stomachache?
例5.此處禁止停車. (There’s)No parking here.
例6.禁止飲食. There are(x)/is(0)no drinking and(x)/or(0)eating. è
There is(x)/are(0)no drinking or(x)/
and(0)no
eating.
例7.傑瑞沒帶講義和筆記本.
Jerry didn’t bring
a handout
and(x)/or(0)a notebook. è
Jerry didn’t bring
any handouts
and(x)/or(0)(any)notebooks. è
Jerry brought no handout and(x)/or(0)notebook. <單數表沒有> è
Jerry brought
no handouts
and(x)/or(0)notebooks.
<pl.表沒有>
六.許多: many = a..lot..of = lots..of + pl.
much
= a..lot..of = lots..of + 不可數
一些: some = a..few + pl.
some=
a..little + 不可數
很少(幾乎沒有)：few/not..many + pl.
= little/not..much + 不可數
沒有: no+單名 = not..a+單名 ; no+pl./不可數 =
not..any+ pl./不可數
***
no =not..a(an) ; no =not..any
例1.我的零用錢(不可數)很少. My pocket money
are(x)/is(0)few.(x)/ little.(0)
è
I have
little pocket
money.
è I don’t have much pocket money.
例2.珍妮特的郵票(可數)很少. Janet’s stamps
were little.(x)/
few.(0)
è
Janet had
few stamps. è Janet didn’t have many stamps.
例3.泰勒有些立可白(不可數).
Tylor owned(V.=P.T.)some(0)/ a..few(x)/ a..little(0)white-out.
例4.泰德有些膠水(可數).
Ted has
some(0)/ a..little(x)/ a..few(0)glues.
例5.凱蒂有許多習作(可數)要寫.//家事(不可數)要做.
Kitty has
much(x)/ many(0)/
a..lot..of(0)/ lots..of(0)workbooks
to write. //
Kitty has
many(x)/ much(0)/
a..lot..of(0)/ lots..of(0)housework
to do.
例6.今年冬天雨(V./N.)很少.
We have
few(x)/ little(0)rain(N.=不可數)this winter. è
There is
little/ not..much rain(N.=不可數)this
winter.
è
It rains(V.)little this winter. è It doesn’t rain(V.)much this winter.
例7.冰箱裡沒有爆米花(不可數)了. <單數表沒有>
There is
no(0)/ not..a(x)/ not..any(0)popcorn
in the
fridge.
例8.車庫裡沒有小朋友. <單數表沒有>或<pl.表沒有>
There is
no(0)/ not..a(0)/ not..any(x)child
in the
garage.
There are
no(0)/ not..any(0)/ not..a(x)children
in the
garage.
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