2016年1月14日 星期四

國三(上)文法 <關代4-4> 22-21 ans

國三()文法 <關代4-4>                    22-21
                  <.下列三種情況,不可that做關代.
         狀況一: 介系詞後面,不能that <CF關代4-3>
狀況二: 先行詞people/those/they,關代限用who,不可用 that
 1.早到的人可以取得最佳視野的座位. People/Those/They<=S.>
 [that(x)/who(0)<關代=S´.>come<Vi´.>earlier]may get<Vt.>the best seats of view.
 2.不相信別人的人,也不會被信任. People/Those/They<=S.>
 [that(x)/who(0)<關代=S´.>dont believe<Vt.>others]wont be<Vi.>trusted.
        狀況三: ,前面,不可that
 說明:1.關代前面沒有,,形子句<Adj.Cl.>屬於限定用法.用來說明先行詞特徵,有限定的意思
      2.關代前面有,,形子句屬於補述用法.用來補充說明先行詞,沒有限定的意思,
而該先行詞,本身通常是專有名詞或為對方所熟知,不須特別描述.
 1. 查克喜歡那個大眼女孩.Chuck<S.>likes<Vt.>a<x>/the<0>girl
[who/that<關代=S´.>has<Vt´.>/is<Vi´.>..with big eyes.]
例1.1 查克喜歡大眼女孩.   Chuck<S.>likes<Vt.>the<x>/a<0>girl
                          [who/that<關代=S´.>has<Vt´.>/is<Vi´.>..with big eyes.]
2. 琳達的爸爸明天回台灣,他現在人在日本.Lindas dad<S.>[that(x)/,that(x)/who(x)/
,who(0)<,關代=補述用法>is in Japan]will come<Vi.>back to Taiwan tomorrow.
2.1 琳達的哥哥要回來了,他正在路上.<只有一個哥哥> Lindas brother<S.>[that(x)/,that(x)/
who(x)/,who(0)<,關代=補述用法>is on the way]is<Vi.>coming back soon.
2.2 琳達唸小學的弟弟在打電動.<還有別的兄弟> Lindas brother<S.>[,that(x)/that(0)/
,who(x)/who(0)<關代=限定用法>studies at elementary school]
is<V.>playing video games.
.關代的限定用法補述用法
 1.  我媽喜歡富含維他命C水果.<限定用法>
My mom loves the fruit<>[,which(x)/which(0)/that(0)is rich in vitamin C.]
 1.1我媽喜愛奇異果,富含維他命C.<補述用法>
My mom enjoys kiwi<>[that(x)/,that(x)/which(x)/,which(0)is rich in vitamin C.]
 2.  我們住在新北市,人口超過三百萬.<補述用法> We live in New Taipei City<專名=>
[that(x)/which(x)/,that(x)/,which(0)has more than three million people.]
 2.1 我住在一個有百萬人口的大城市.<限定用法> I live in a city[,which(x)/which(0)/
,that(x)/that(0)has a million people.]
 3.  教鋼琴的阿姨很胖.<限定用法>
My aunt<>[,that(x)/,who(x)/that(0)/who(0)teaches piano]is very heavy.
 3.1 我阿姨教小提琴,她很苗條.<補述用法>
My aunt<>[who(x)/that(x)/,that(x)/,who(0)is slender]teaches violin.
 .關代which,可以代替 前面的整個句子
 1. [蘊妮的媽是魔術師],令我們很驚訝. Winnies mom is a magician[that(x)/who(x)/
which(x)/,which(0)makes us surprise.(x)/surprising.(x)/surprised.(0)<P.P.=O.C.>] è
[That<>Winnies mom<S´.>is<Vi´.>a magician]< =N.Cl.=S.>surprises<Vt.>us.<O.> è
[That<>Winnies mom<S´.>is<Vi´.>a magician]is<Vi.>surprising<現分=S.C.>to us.
 2. [陳阿伯抽很多菸],這使他得了肺癌.Uncle Chen smoked a lot[that(x)/who(x)/
which(x)/,which(0)caused him to suffer(罹患)the lung cancer.è
[That<>Uncle Chen<S´.>smoked<Vt´.>a lot]< =N.Cl.=S.>caused<Vt.>him to suffer
the lung cancer.
. 先行詞+關代<that/which> = what<複合關係代名詞=複關代>
 :anything/everything..that=what;  all..the..things..that=what;
    all..that=what;  the..things..that/..which=what;  those..which=what
 1.我不相信恰克講的話. I<S.>dont believe<Vt.>[what<O´.>Chuck<S´.>said<Vt´.>.]<N.Cl.=O.>
 èI<S.>dont believe<Vt.>the words<O.>[that/which<關代=O´.>Chuck<S´.>said<Vt´.>]<形子句>
 2.他們現在能做的事,就是走著瞧了. All..the..things..that/ All..that they can do now
is to wait and see. è[What they can do now]<N.Cl.=S.>is<Vi.>to wait and see.
 3.我們已備妥所有的釣魚和露營所需的東西. Weve already prepared all..the..things..that/ all..that/what we need for fishing and camping.
 4.你們已經盡力了.You have done everything..that/all..that/what you could do.
 5.你們現在講的實在真恐怖. The..things..that/ The..things..which youre saying are
really terrible.  è[What youre saying]<N.Cl.=S.>is<Vi.>really terrible.
 6.他們所需要的就是你們的捐款了.All..that/What theyre in need of is your donation.
.關係副詞where/when/how/why的用法<+關代 è介片=關副>
 where= in/on/at<>+地方(場所/位置); when= in/on/at<>+時名(時間/日期)
 the time when(時間); the way how(程度/方法); the reason why(原因/理由)
 1. 那就是我們上週去過的新開幕美術館.Thats the newly-opened art museum[which/that
we went to<>last week.   èThats the newly-opened art museum[to<>..that(x)/
to<>..which(0)/where(0)< =to..which=+關代=關副>we went last week.
例1.1 這是我們以前待過的旅館. This is the hotel[which/that we stayed at<>. ]
èThis is the hotel[at<>..which/where< =at..which=+關代=關副>we stayed. ]
1.2 那些可憐的乞丐沒有容身之. Those poor beggars had no place[which/that they
could live in<>.èThose poor beggars had no place[in<>..that(x)/in<>..which(0)/
where(0)< =+關代=關副>they could live. ]<形子句>/[in which to live ]<toV.=形片>
2. 五月一日是我出生的日子.May first is the date[which/that I was born on<>.]
èMay first is the date[on<>..that(x)/on<>..which(0)/when(0)< =on..which=

+關代=介片=關副>I was born.]

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