國三(上)文法 <關代4-4> 22-21
<續> 五.下列三種情況,不可用that做關代.
狀況一: 介系詞的後面,不能用that <CF關代4-3>
狀況二: 先行詞為people/those/they時,關代限用who,不可用 that
例1.早到的人可以取得最佳視野的座位. People/Those/They<先=S.>
[that(x)/who(0)<關代=S´.>come<Vi´.>earlier]may get<Vt.>the best seats of view.
例2.不相信別人的人,也不會被信任. People/Those/They<先=S.>
[that(x)/who(0)<關代=S´.>don’t believe<Vt.>others]won’t be<Vi.>trusted.
狀況三: ，前面,不可用that
說明:1.關代前面沒有，時,形子句<Adj.Cl.>屬於限定用法.用來說明先行詞的特徵,有限定的意思
2.關代前面有，時,該形子句屬於補述用法.用來補充說明先行詞,沒有限定的意思,
而該先行詞,本身通常是專有名詞或為對方所熟知,不須特別描述.
例1. 查克喜歡那個大眼女孩.Chuck<S.>likes<Vt.>a<x>/the<0>girl
[who/that<關代=S´.>has<Vt´.>/is<Vi´.>..with big
eyes.]
例1.1 查克喜歡大眼女孩. Chuck<S.>likes<Vt.>the<x>/a<0>girl
[who/that<關代=S´.>has<Vt´.>/is<Vi´.>..with big
eyes.]
例2. 琳達的爸爸明天回台灣,他現在人在日本.Linda’s dad<S.>[that(x)/,that(x)/who(x)/
,who(0)<,關代=補述用法>is in Japan]will come<Vi.>back to Taiwan tomorrow.
例2.1 琳達的哥哥要回來了,他正在路上.<只有一個哥哥> Linda’s brother<S.>[that(x)/,that(x)/
who(x)/,who(0)<,關代=補述用法>is on the way]is<Vi.>coming back soon.
例2.2 琳達唸小學的弟弟在打電動.<還有別的兄弟> Linda’s brother<S.>[,that(x)/that(0)/
,who(x)/who(0)<關代=限定用法>studies at elementary school]
is<V.>playing video
games.
六.關代的限定用法與補述用法
例1. 我媽喜歡富含維他命C的水果.<限定用法>
My mom loves the fruit<先>[,which(x)/which(0)/that(0)is rich in vitamin C.]
例1.1我媽喜愛奇異果,富含維他命C.<補述用法>
My mom enjoys kiwi<先>[that(x)/,that(x)/which(x)/,which(0)is rich in vitamin C.]
例2. 我們住在新北市,人口超過三百萬.<補述用法> We live in New Taipei City<專名=先>
[that(x)/which(x)/,that(x)/,which(0)has
more than
three million
people.]
例2.1 我住在一個有百萬人口的大城市.<限定用法> I live in a city[,which(x)/which(0)/
,that(x)/that(0)has a million people.]
例3. 我教鋼琴的阿姨很胖.<限定用法>
My aunt<先>[,that(x)/,who(x)/that(0)/who(0)teaches piano]is very heavy.
例3.1 我阿姨教小提琴,她很苗條.<補述用法>
My aunt<先>[who(x)/that(x)/,that(x)/,who(0)is slender]teaches violin.
七.關代which,可以代替， 前面的整個句子
例1. [蘊妮的媽是魔術師],令我們很驚訝. Winnie’s mom is a magician[that(x)/who(x)/
which(x)/,which(0)makes
us surprise.(x)/surprising.(x)/surprised.(0)<P.P.=O.C.>]
è
[That<連>Winnie’s mom<S´.>is<Vi´.>a magician]<
=N.Cl.=S.>surprises<Vt.>us.<O.>
è
[That<連>Winnie’s mom<S´.>is<Vi´.>a magician]is<Vi.>surprising<現分=S.C.>to us.
例2. [陳阿伯抽很多菸],這使他得了肺癌.Uncle
Chen smoked
a lot[that(x)/who(x)/
which(x)/,which(0)caused
him to
suffer(罹患)the lung cancer.] è
[That<連>Uncle Chen<S´.>smoked<Vt´.>a lot]< =N.Cl.=S.>caused<Vt.>him to suffer
the lung cancer.
八 . 先行詞+關代<that/which>
= what<複合關係代名詞=複關代>
如:anything/everything..that=what;
all..the..things..that=what;
all..that=what;
the..things..that/..which=what;
those..which=what
例1.我不相信恰克講的話. I<S.>don’t believe<Vt.>[what<O´.>Chuck<S´.>said<Vt´.>.]<N.Cl.=O.>
èI<S.>don’t believe<Vt.>the words<O.>[that/which<關代=O´.>Chuck<S´.>said<Vt´.>]<形子句>
例2.他們現在能做的事,就是走著瞧了. All..the..things..that/ All..that they
can do
now
例3.我們已備妥所有的釣魚和露營所需的東西. We’ve already
prepared all..the..things..that/ all..that/what
we need
for fishing
and camping.
例4.你們已經盡力了.You have done everything..that/all..that/what
you could
do.
例5.你們現在講的實在真恐怖. The..things..that/ The..things..which you’re saying
are
really terrible. è[What you’re saying]<N.Cl.=S.>is<Vi.>really terrible.
例6.他們所需要的就是你們的捐款了.All..that/What
they’re in need of is your donation.
九.關係副詞where/when/how/why的用法<介+關代 è介片=關副>
where= in/on/at<介>+地方(表場所/位置); when=
in/on/at<介>+時名(表時間/日期)
the time when(表時間); the
way how(表程度/方法); the
reason why(表原因/理由)
例1. 那就是我們上週去過的新開幕美術館.That’s the newly-opened art
museum[which/that
we went to<介>last week. èThat’s the newly-opened art
museum[to<介>..that(x)/
to<介>..which(0)/where(0)< =to..which=介+關代=關副>we went last week. ]
例1.1 這是我們以前待過的旅館. This is the hotel[which/that we stayed at<介>.
]
èThis is the hotel[at<介>..which/where<
=at..which=介+關代=關副>we stayed. ]
例1.2 那些可憐的乞丐沒有容身之處. Those poor beggars had no place[which/that they
could live in<介>.] èThose poor beggars had no place[in<介>..that(x)/in<介>..which(0)/
where(0)<
=介+關代=關副>they could live. ]<形子句>/[in which to live ]<toV.=形片>
例2. 五月一日是我出生的日子.May first is the date[which/that I was born on<介>.]
èMay first is the date[on<介>..that(x)/on<介>..which(0)/when(0)< =on..which=
介+關代=介片=關副>I was born.]
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