2015年8月23日 星期日

國三(上)文法 22-8 ans

                                   國三()文法                      22-8
被動語態(Passive Voice= P.V.) <3-1>
*英文的動詞有3時態,各有4時式(簡單式,進行式,完成式完成進行式),共有12時式.
** 英文造句有3語氣(Mood),祈使法,直說法假設法.
** 英文造句有2語態,主動語態(Active Voice= A.V.)被動語態(Passive Voice).
** 主動語態(A.V.)句中的主詞(S.)受詞(O.)互換,就形成被動語態(P.V.).
 : <S.>吃了<Vt.>碗牛肉麵<O.>.<A.V.>  I<S.>ate<V.>a bowl of beef noodles.<O.>
  è那碗牛肉麵<S.>被我<O.>吃掉了.<A.V.>   **原句中的動詞,要變性為過分,才有被動的意思.
    That bowl of beef noodles<S.>was<V.=P.T.>eaten<p.p.=被動>by<>me.<O.>
一.  主動語態<A.V.>的句子,必為S.+ Vt...O. Vi.....O.,才能改為被動語態<P.V.>
1.他們捉到一些螢火蟲.They catch<V.>some fireflies.<O.> <A.V.>
  è Some fireflies<S.>are<V.=Pr.T.=現簡式>caught<p.p.=被動>by<>them.<O.> <P.V.>
2.警方在搜索那些賊.The police<S.>search<Vi.>for<>the thieves.<O.> <A.V.>
  è The thieves<S.>are<V.>searched<p.p.=被動>for<>by<>the police.<O.> <P.V.>
**注意: 我爹很會游泳.My dad<S.>swims<Vi.>very well.<> <A.V.>
  è A.V.句中沒有受詞,所以不能改為被動語態<P.V.>
二.  被動語態<P.V.>的使用時機
1.強調接受動作(受詞)
1.那些盆栽沒有賣完.Those pot plants<S.>arent<V.>sold<p.p.=被動>up. <P.V.>
2.清掃的工作已完成了.The cleaning has<V.>been<p.p.=完成>done.<p.p.=被動> <P.V.>
2.動作十分明顯(泛指一般人對方)
1.在台灣講國語很普通.Mandarin<S.>is<V.>generally spoken<p.p.=被動>in Taiwan.
2.聖誕節在全世界都有慶祝.Christmas is<V.>celebrated<p.p.=被動>all over the world.
3.你的雨衣可以掛在牆上.Your raincoat can be<V.>hung<p.p.=被動>on the wall.
3.動作不清楚
1.這些銅板是被埋在地下.The coins<S.>were<V.>buried<p.p.=被動>under the ground.
2.泰德的手機被偷了.Teds cellphone<S.>was<V.>stolen.<p.p.=被動>
3.這些位子被佔了.These seats<S.>are<V.>taken.<p.p.=被動>
4.說明科學事實實驗報告
1.葡萄酒是由葡萄製成的.Wine<S.>is<V.>made<p.p.=被動>by(x)/ from(0)grapes.
2.鍋裡的油加熱到230.The oil<S.>in the cooker is heated<p.p.=被動>to 230.
        * 230℃唸做:two hundred and thirty degrees centigrade / Celsius
5.被動語態的句型: S.<A.V.O.>+V-be+p.p.<A.V.V.,被動>+by<>+ O.<A.V.S.>
三.  不同時式主動語態<A.V.>被動語態<P.V.
1.現在簡單式<S.+ V.+s/es>
1.我們經常去看阿公阿嬤.We<S.>often visit<V.>our grandparents.<O.> <A.V.>
è Our grandparents<S.>are<V.>often visited<p.p.>by us.  <P.V.>
2.凱莉總是在下課時看漫畫.Kelly<S.>always reads<Vt.>comic books<O.>during the break. <A.V.>
   è Comic books<S.>are<V.>always read<p.p.>by Kelly<O.>during the break.  <P.V.>
2.現在進行式<S.+ V-be+ Ving>
 1.阿妹正在唱一首老歌.A-mei<S.>is<V.>singing<現分=進行>an old song.  <A.V.>
  è An old song<S.>is<V.>being<現分=進行>sung<p.p.=被動>by A-mei.<O.> <P.V.>
 2.人們正在觀賞實況轉播的球賽. People are<V.>watching<進行>a live ball game on TV.
  è A live ball game<S.>on TV is<V.>being<現分=進行>watched<p.p.=被動>by people.
3.現在完成式<S.+ have/has+ p.p.完成>
 1.已經把雜誌扔掉了.Ben has<V.>thrown<p.p.=完成>the magazines<O.>away. <A.V.>
  è The magazines<S.>have<V.>been<p.p.=完成>thrown<p.p.=被動>away by Ben. <P.V.>
2.我們班已規劃戶外教學了. Our class<S.>have<V.>planned<p.p.=完成>for the field trip.
èThe field trip<S.>has<V.>been<p.p.=完成>planned<p.p.=被動>for by our class. <P.V.>
4. 現在完成進行式<S.+ have/has+ been=p.p.完成+ Ving進行>
.中國已經在建造最快速鐵路了.China<S.>has<V.>been<p.p.=完成>building<現分=進行>the  fastest railway. è The fastest railway has<V.>been<p.p.=完成>being<現分=進行>
built<p.p.=被動>by China. <P.V.>(x)
*** be,being,been任二者不能連用,所以現在/過去/未來完成進行式,不能A.V.P.V.
5. 過去簡單式<S.+ Ved / 不規則變化>
 .洋基昨天沒有贏得那場比賽.The Yankees didnt win that game yesterday.  <A.V.>
è That game<S.>wasnt<V.>won<p.p.=被動>by the Yankees yesterday.  <P.V.>
6. 過去進行式<S.+ was/were+ Ving進行>
 .921大地震是在夜裡1:59襲擊台灣.The 921 earthquake<S.>was<V.>hitting<現分=進行>    Taiwan at 1:59 A.M. <A.V.>   èTaiwan<S.>was<V.>being<現分=進行>hit<p.p.=被動>
at 1:59 A.M. by the 921 earthquake. <P.V.>
7. 過去完成式<S.+ had+ p.p.完成>
 .尼奧13歲時已經學芭蕾舞多年了.Neo had learned ballet many years when he was 13.
è Ballet had<V.>been<p.p.=完成>learned<p.p.=被動> many years by Neo when he was 13.
8. 未來簡單式<S.+ will+ V. ; S.+ be..going..to+ V.>
 1.維克下次不吸地毯.Vick wont<語助V.>vacuum<V.>the carpet next time. <A.V.>
èThat carpet<S.>wont<語助V.>be<V.>vacuumed<p.p.=被動>by Vick next time. <P.V.>
 2.泰德下學期打算放棄數學.Ted is going to give up his math next semester. <A.V.>
èTeds math is..going..to..be<未來式>given<p.p.=被動>up by him next semester.  <P.V.>
9. 未來完成式<S.+ will+ have+ p.p.完成>       .我們將於一年內完成國中的學業.

We will have finished<p.p.=完成>our junior high school in a year. <A.V.>   èOur         junior high school will have been<p.p.=完成>finished<p.p.=被動>in a year by us.

國三(上)文法 22-8

                                     國三()文法                          22-8
被動語態(________ ______= _____) <3-1>
*英文的動詞有_______,各有_______(_______,_______,_________________),共有_________.
** 英文造句有________(______),________,________________.
** 英文造句有________,__________(_______ ______= _____)__________(________ ______).
** __________(_____)句中的_____(___)_____(___)互換,就形成_________(_____).
 : <__>吃了<___>碗牛肉麵<__>.<_____>  __<__>____<___>___ _____ ___ _____ _________ <__>
  è那碗牛肉麵<__>被我<__>吃掉了.<____>   **原句中的_____,__________,才有_____的意思.
    ____ _____ ___ _____ _________<__>_____<___=____>______<____=_____>____<___>____ <__>
一.  __________<_____>的句子,必為___+ ___..___ ___..___..___,才能改為_________<_____>
1.他們捉到一些螢火蟲._____ _______<____>______ __________ <__> <____>
  è______ _________<__>_____<__=____=_______>_______<____=______>___<___>_____ <__> <____>
2.警方在搜索那些賊.____ ______<__>_______<___>____<___>____ ________<__> <____>
  è____ ________<__>____<__>_________<___=_____>___<___>____<___>____ ________<__> <____>
**注意: 我爹很會游泳.____ _____<__>_______<___>_____ _____ <___> <____>
  è ____句中________,所以_____改為_________<____>
二.  __________<_____>的使用時機
1.強調__________(_____)
1.那些盆栽沒有賣完.______ ____ _______<__>_______<__>_____<____=_____>____  <____>
2.清掃的工作已完成了.____ __________ ____<__>_____<____=_____>_____ <____=_____> <____>
2.______________(泛指____________)
1.在台灣講國語很普通.__________<__>___<__>_________ ________<____=_____>___ ________
2.聖誕節在全世界都有慶祝.__________ ___<__>____________<____=_____>___ _____ ___ ______
3.你的雨衣可以掛在牆上._____ _________ _____ ____<__>______<____=_____>____ ____ _____
3._____________
1.這些銅板是被埋在地下.____ ______<__>_____<__>________<____=_____>______ ____ _______
2.泰德的手機被偷了.______ __________<__>_____<__>_______<____=_____>
3.這些位子被佔了.______ ______<__>____<__>_______<____=_____>
4.說明____________________
1.葡萄酒是由葡萄製成的._____<__>___<__>______<____=_____>____(x)/ ______(0)_______
2.鍋裡的油加熱到230.____ ____<__>___ ___ _______ ___ ________<____=_____>___ ______
        * 230℃唸做:____ ________ _____ _______ _________ ___________ / ________
5.__________的句型: ___<__________>+ _____+ ____<______>+ ___<___>+ ___ <__________>
三.  不同________________<____>__________<____>      <_________>
1._____________<___+ ___+__/____>
1.我們經常去看阿公阿嬤.____<__>______ ______<___>____ ______________ <__>  <____>
è ____ ______________<__>____<__>______ ________<____>____ ____  <____>
2.凱莉總是在下課時看漫畫.______<__>_______ ______<___>______ ______<__>_______ ___ ______
   è ______ ______<__>____<__>_______ _____<____>____ ______<__>_______ ___ ______  <____>
2._____________<___+ _____+ _____>
 1.阿妹正在唱一首老歌._______<__>___<__>_________<_____=_____>____ ____ _____  <____>
  è ____ ___ _____<__>___<__>_______<_____=____>______<____=_____>____ _______<__> <____>
 2.人們正在觀賞實況轉播的球賽. ______ ____<__>_________<_____>___ ____ ____ _____ ___ ___
  è ___ ____ ____ _____<__>___ ___ ___<__>______<_____=_____>________<____=_____>___ _______
3.____________<___+ _____/_____+ _________>
 1.已經把雜誌扔掉了._____ ____<__>_______<____=_____>____ ___________<__>______ <____>
  è ____ ___________<__>_____<__>_____<____=_____>_______<____=_____>_____ ___ _____ <____>
2.我們班已規劃戶外教學了. ____ _____<__>_____<__>________<____=_____>___ ___ _____ ____
è___ _____ ____<__>____<__>_____<____=_____>________<____=_____>___ ___ ____ ______ <____>
4. ________________<___+ _____/_____+______=_________+ __________>
.中國已經在建造最快速鐵路了.______<__>____<__>_____<____=_____>_________<____=_____>____ _______ ________ è ____ _______ ________ ____<__>_____<____=_____>______<_____=_____>
______<_____=_____>___ ______ <____>(x)
*** ___,______,______任二者________,所以_____/_____/________________,_____________
5. ___________<___+ ____ / ____________>
 .洋基昨天沒有贏得那場比賽.____ _________ _______ ____ _____ ______ ___________  <____>
è _____ ______<__>_______<__>_____<____=_____>___ ____ _________ ___________  <____>
6. ___________<___+ _____/_____+ __________>
 .921大地震是在夜裡1:59襲擊台灣.____ ____ _____________<__>____<__>________<_____=_____> _______ ___ _____ ____ <____>   è_______<__>_____<__>______<_____=_____>____<____=_____>
___ _____ ____ ___ ____ ____ _____________ <____>
7. ___________<___+ _____+ _________>
 .尼奧13歲時已經學芭蕾舞多年了.____ _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ _____ ___ ____ __
è______ ____<__>_____<____=_____>______<____=____>______ ______ ___ ____ _____ ___ ____ __
8. ___________<___+ ____+ ____ ; ___+ ____.._______..___+ ____>
 1.維克下次不吸地毯._____ ______<_______>_________<_____>____ _______ _____ _____ <____>
è____ _______<__>______<______>___<____>___________<____=_____>___ _____ _____ _____ <____>
 2.泰德下學期打算放棄數學.____ ___ ______ ___ ____ ___ ____ _____ _____ __________ <____>
è_____ _____ ___..______..___..___<______>______<____=_____>___ ___ ____ _____ ________<____>
9. ___________<___+ ____+ _____+ _________>       .我們將於一年內完成國中的學業.

____ ____ _____ _________<____=_____>____ ______ _____ ______ ___ ___ _____ <____>   è____ ______ _____ ______ ____ _____ _____<____=_____>_________<____=_____>___ __ _____ ___ ____

國二(上)文法 25-8 ans.jpg


國二(上)文法 25-8 ans

                                國二()文法                      25-8
一.   頻率副詞(頻副)用法複習
 1.頻副在句中的位置: beV,肯定/否定簡答句,一律先頻副,V-be或助V.
 2.否定句中,除了sometimes要在否定詞(isnt/arent/dont/doesnt/didnt/             cant …)前面,其他頻副都在否定詞後面,usually置於否定詞
  前面/後面皆可.
1.哈利多久上網一次?  How often does Harry get..on /surf the Net?
  每週兩次./五次. Twice / Five..times a week.
2.莎莉上課總是遲到嗎?(2) 肯否簡答.
   Is Sally always late()to class?
   Yes, she is ..always. (x) / always..is. (0)
   No, she isnt..always. (x) / always..isnt. (0)
   Does Sally always go to class late()?
   Yes, she does ..always. (x) / always..does. (0)
   No, she doesnt..always. (x) / always..doesnt. (0)
3.凱蒂多久幫她的小貓洗一次澡? 每天一次./很少./從不洗.
   How often does Kitty wash her kitten?
   Once a day.  /  Seldom.  /  Never.
4.海倫不是有時候生病,她老是感冒.
   Helen isnt..sometimes(x)/ sometimes..isnt(0)sick_
   ; she catches..always(x)/ always..catches(0)a cold.
5.阿嬷的牙齒不是有時候痛,是經常痛.
   Grandmas teeth doesnt..sometimes(x)/ sometimes..doesnt(0)
   hurt(V.);/,but they hurt..often. (x) / often..hurt. (0)
6.我媽不常頭疼.
My mom usually..doesnt(0)/doesnt..usually(0)have a headache.
. 用英文表示喜愛/喜歡的不同寫法
  1.love/like (V.)+   /(受格)受詞(O.)
                         Ving(動名詞)受詞(O.)
                         to+V.(不定詞)受詞(O.)
  2.enjoy (V.)+  /(受格)受詞(O.)
                    Ving(動名詞)受詞(O.)
  3.be fond()of()+  /(受格)受詞(O.)
                        Ving(動名詞)受詞(O.)
1.維克喜歡恐怖片.(horror/scary movies)
    Vic loves/likes/enjoys horror movies.  à
    Vic is fond of scary movies.
2.安住喜歡吃臭豆腐.
    Andrew loved/liked to..eat(0)/eating(0)stinky tofu.  à
    Andrew enjoyed to..eat(x)/eating(0)stinky tofu.   à
    Andrew was fond of to..eat(x)/eating(0)stinky tofu.
二.  like介系詞,解釋為”,後面要接 /(受格)/Ving(動名詞)
受詞,常和V-be/連綴動詞連用.
*** 連綴動詞(連綴V. = Lk.V.)屬於不完全不及V.(不全不及V.),後面不能接/
受詞,只能接形容詞來說明主詞,所以這個形容詞又稱為主詞補語(主補=S.C.).

1.你們的自然老師熊貓嗎? ,一點兒都不像.
   Does(x)/Is(0)your science teacher like()a panda?
   No, she doesnt(x)/isnt(0)like at all.
 2.今夜的天氣怎樣? How(疑副)is the weather like()tonight?   à
                    What(疑代=) is the weather like()tonight?
 3.臭豆腐很臭. Stinky tofu(S.)is(Lk.V.)stinky.(=主補=S.C.)
   3.1臭豆腐聞起來很臭. /聞起來像屎.
   Stinky tofu(S.)smells(Lk.V.)stinky.(=主補=S.C.)
    Stinky tofu(S.)smells(Lk.V.)like..shit.(介片==主補)
4.傑夫的腳好臭. Jeffs feet(S.)smell.(不及V. => 發出臭味)
5.你阿姨看起來好老. /看起來像老太婆.
   Your aunt looked very..old. /like..an..old..lady.
6.這道菜吃起來很辣. /吃起來像魚肉.
   This dish tasted spicy.  /like..a..fish .(不可數)
7.你堂哥聽起來很難過. /聽起來像隻悲哀的流浪狗.
   Your cousin sounds very..sad.  /like..a..sad..stray..dog.
8.  茱莉的毛衣摸起來很柔軟./像羊毛.
   ­­Julies sweater felt very..soft.  /like..a..wool. (不可數)
8.1你有感覺到火車在動嗎?
Do you feel(V.)the train(O.)move /moving? (受詞補語)
8.2覺得怎樣?               我覺得不舒服(生病). /覺得心情不大好.
How do you feel?                   I feel sick.  / bad.
8.3你想去逛街?  Do you want to go window shopping?
不想. I dont want. (x)  /  I dont want to.(0) 
I dont..feel..like..to. (x) /  I dont..feel..like..going.(0)
9.看起來今天要吃外面了. It looks like were going to eat out today.
    9.1老天看起來要下雨了. It looks like to..rain.(x)/raining.(x)/rain.(0)
   9.2 蔣伯伯看起來很生氣.Uncle Chiang looked(Lk.V.)very angry.(=S.C.)
9.3張媽冷冷地看著張爸.            
Aunt Chang looked(不及V.)at()Uncle Chang cold.(x)/coldly.(0)
10.你們的導師人怎樣? 人很好.           ()    (èlooked)
 How(x)/What(0)is your homeroom teacher like?
 Shes really fine. (x) /good. (0) /nice. (0)
    10.1你們的鋼琴老師看起來怎樣? 很緊張. /看起來不像老師的樣子.
How(0)/What(x)was(x)/did(0)your piano teacher look? (不及V.)
He was(0)/looked(0)very nervous.           

He didnt look like a teacher.