國一(上)文法 25-13 ans

                                 國一(上)文法                    25-13

一.用英文表示“有”的用法有兩種:

1.have/has(單三式)表擁有的意思.

例1.威爾森夫婦有一男一女.

Mr. and Mrs. Willson have(0)/has(x)a son and a daughter.

例2. 傑瑞有台很酷的電腦.

Jerry have(x)/haves(x)/has(0)a cool computer.

2.there  is + 單名/不可數N.

      are + 複名 (pl.)     表示在…地方,有…,是指存在而非擁有的意思.

句型如下:

          is + a / an + 單名                                                                                      

There     is + little / some / much + 不可數N.            +介系詞+名詞                  (很少)  (一些) (很多)                       =介片(地方副詞)

          are + few / some / many / 數詞 + 複名(pl.)       表場所/位置

            (很少) (一些) (很多) (≧2)

＊＊there在此句型中,屬於代名詞是做預備主詞.真正的主詞是在V-be後面的

可數/不可數 名詞.所以,句中的V-be (is/are)要隨真主詞而定.因為句中有

V-be,故可形成疑問句,否定句,疑否句,簡答句和省略句五種句型.

   ＊＊＊在簡答句時, 主詞不能用人稱代名詞(人代),而是用there.

  例1.山姆的書桌下有塊擦布.There..is/There’s an eraser under Sam’s desk.

疑問:Is there an eraser under Sam’s desk?

否定:There is..not/isn’t an eraser under Sam’s desk.

否問:Is there not an eraser under Sam’s desk?

     Isn’t there an eraser under Sam’s desk?

   簡答:Yes  ,it..is.(x)/ ,there..is.(0)/ ,there’s.(x) 

        No  ,there’s..not..one.  / ,there’s..not.  / ,there..isn’t.

   省略: 山姆的書桌下有塊擦布,而丹尼斯的書桌下也有一塊. / ,但比爾的書桌下沒有.

        There’s an eraser under Sam’s desk 

        ,and there’s one under Dennis’(desk) ,too. /

        ,but there’s not one under Bill’s (desk).

例2.樹上有許多猴子. There is(x)/are(0)many monkeys on(x)/in(0)the tree.

疑問:Are there many monkeys on(x)/in(0)the tree?

否定:There are..not/aren’t many monkeys in the tree.

否問:Are there not many monkeys in the tree?

     Aren’t there many monkeys in the tree?

   簡答:Yes, they(x)/there(0)are.   /   No, there are..not. / aren’t.

省略: 樹上有許多猴子,而樹下也很多.  /  ,但樹後面只有2隻.

     There are many monkeys in the tree  

     ,and there are many under the tree.  /

     ,but there are only two(monkeys)behind the tree.

二.用there做預備主詞,問“在…地方,有…嗎?”或“在…地方,有沒有…?”時,               句中的真主詞, 若是可數名詞,要視為多數(pl.).

           若是不可數N.,則視為單數.

例1.體育館裡有體育老師嗎(有沒有體育老師)? (肯/否簡答) (體育老師是可數N.)

Is there a PE teacher(x)in the gym?

Are there any PE teachers(0)in the gym?

Yes, there are.    /    No, there are..not(any)./ aren’t(any).

＊比較: 圖書館裡有位自然老師嗎? (肯/否簡答)(＊問句中指的是一位自然老師)

Are there any science teachers(x)in the library?

Is there a science teacher(0)in the library?

Yes, there is(one).    /    No, there is..not./ isn’t.

例2.動物園裡有沒有台灣黑熊? 有,有許多隻. / ,只有一隻. / 不,沒有.

Are there any Formosan Black Bears in the zoo?

Yes, there are many.   / Yes, there’s only one.

No, there aren’t./ aren’t..any.

三.問“在…地方,有…嗎?”,而句中的真主詞是疑問詞時,要視為單數第三人稱(單三).

例1.你的鉛筆盒裡有什麼東西? What(S.)are(x)/is(0)in your pencil box?

有塊擦布,二枝螢光筆和一些自動鉛筆. There is(0)/are(0)an eraser

,two highlighters and some mechanical pencils.

例2.那棵樹上有什麼? What are(x)/ is(0)in that tree? (主詞是What)

有許多螞蟻和蜜蜂. There are many ants and bees.

例3.誰在廚房? Who are(x)/is(0)there in the kitchen?  (主詞是who)

是我爸媽. They’re my dad and mom.  /  My dad and mom are.

例4.誰是你同班同學? Who are(x)/is(0)your classmate? (主詞是who)

是茱蒂和莘蒂. They’re Judy and Cindy.  /  Judy and Cindy are.

四.英文表示“全部”時,可用單數或多數(pl.)

例1.大象是動物. An elephant is an animal.  (用單數表全部) 

Elephants are animals.  (用pl.表全部)

例2.河馬不是大象. An hippo isn’t an elephant.  (用單數表全部)

Hippos aren’t elephants. (用pl.表全部)

例3.柳丁不是橘子嗎?  Isn’t an orange a tangerine?  (用單數表全部)

Aren’t oranges tangerines?  (用pl.表全部)

五.英文表示“沒有”時,也可用單數或多數(pl.)

＊＊＊ no+單名=not..a/an+單名 (用單數表沒有)

 no+複名=not..any+pl. (用pl.表沒有)

 no+不可數N.=not..any+不可數N. (用單數表沒有)

例1.我的房裡沒老鼠.(老鼠是可數N.)

There is no/not..a mouse in my room. (用單數表沒有)

 = There are no/not..any mice in my room. (用pl.表沒有)

例2.冰箱裡沒有果汁了.(果汁是不可數N.) (用單數表沒有)

There are no/not..any juice in the fridge. (x)

There is no(0)/not..a(x)/ not..any(0)juice in the fridge. (0)

國一(上)文法 25-13

                                  國一(上)文法                     25-13

一.用英文表示“有”的用法有兩種:

1._______/_______(______)表_______的意思.

例1.威爾森夫婦有一男一女.

____ ____ _____ _______ ______(0)/______(x)___ _____ ____ ___ __________

例2. 傑瑞有台很酷的電腦.

_______ _______(x)/________(x)/______(0)___ ______ ___________

2._______  ____ + _____/________

_____ + ______ (____)  表示______________,是指_____而非_____的意思.句型如下:

          ____+____/_____+______                             

________  ____+_______/_______/_______+__________              +_______+_____                  (      )(      )(      )                        =_____(_______)

          _____+_______/_______/_______/_______+_____(___)     表______/______

              (      )(      )(      )(     )

＊＊________在此句型中,屬於_______是做_________.真正的_____是在_______後面的_____/________ _____.所以,句中的______(___/_____)要隨________而定.因為句中有_______,故可形成________,_________,_________,________和________五種句型.

   ＊＊＊在_______時, ______不能用_____________(_____),而是用________.

  例1.山姆的書桌下有塊擦布._______ ..___/________ ___ _______ _______ ______ ____

疑問:___ _______ ___ ________ ________ ______ _____

   否定:_______ ___.._____/_______ ___ ________ ________ _______ _____

否問:___ _______ ____ ___ ________ ________ _______ _____

     ______ ________ ____ ________ ________ _______ _____

   簡答:_____ ___..___(x)/ ________..___(0)/ _________(x) 

        ____  _______.._____.._____   /   ________.._____   /   _______..______

   省略: 山姆的書桌下有塊擦布,而丹尼斯的書桌下也有一塊. / ,但比爾的書桌下沒有.

        ________ ___ ________ _______ ______ _____ 

        ____ ________ _____ ________ _______(_____) _____  /

        ____ ________ _____ _____ ________ _______(_____)

例2.樹上有許多猴子.______ __(x)/____(0)______ __________ ___(x)/__(0)____ _____

疑問:_____ _______ ______ _________ ____(x)/___(0)_____ ______

否定:_______ _____.._____/________ _______ __________ ___ _____ ______

否問:_____ ________ _____ _______ __________ ___ _____ ______

     ________ ________ _______ __________ ___ _____ ______

   簡答:_____ _______ (x)/_______(0)_____   /  ____ _______ _____..____ /______

省略: 樹上有許多猴子,而樹下也很多.  /  ,但樹後面只有2隻.

     _______ _____ _______ __________ ___ _____ ______   

     _____ ________ _____ _______ ________ _____ ______   /

     _____ ________ _____ ______ _____(___________)_________ _____ ______

二.用_______做__________,問 ”_________________”或“_________________”時,               句中的________, 若是 __________,要視為______(____).

若是___________,則視為______.

例1.體育館裡有體育老師嗎(有沒有體育老師)? (肯/否簡答) (體育老師是_______)

____ _______ ___ ____ ________(x)___ _____ ______

_____ _______ _____ ____ __________ (0) ___ _____ ______

_____ _______ _____    /    ____ _______ _____..____(_____)/_______(_____)

＊比較: 圖書館裡有位自然老師嗎? (肯/否簡答)(＊問句中指的是一位自然老師)

____ ________ _____ _________ ___________ (x)___ _____ _________

___ _______ ___ _________ _________(0)___ _____ _________

_____ ________ ____(_____)    /    _____ ________ ___.._____ /______

例2.動物園裡有沒有台灣黑熊? 有,有許多隻. / ,只有一隻. / 不,沒有.

____ ________ _____ ____________ ________ ________ ___ _____ _____

_____ ________ _____ _______    /  _____ ________ ______ _____

_____ ________ ________/ ________.._____

三.問“__________________”,而句中的_______是________時,要視為_____________(____).

例1.你的鉛筆盒裡有什麼東西? ______(___)_____(x)/____(0)___ ______ _______ _____

有塊擦布,二枝螢光筆和一些自動鉛筆. _______ ___(0)/_____(0)____ _______

____ _____________ _____ ______ ____________ ________

例2.那棵樹上有什麼? _______ _____(x)/____(0)____ _______ ______ (____是______)

有許多螞蟻和蜜蜂. _______ _____ _______ ______ _____ ______

例3.誰在廚房? ______ _____(x)/___(0)_______ ___ _____ __________  (____是______)

是我爸媽. ________ ____ _____ ____ _____  /  ____ _____ ____ _____ _____

例4.誰是你同班同學? _____ _____(x)/____(0)______ ______________ (____是______)

是茱蒂和莘蒂. _________ ______ _____ _______  /  ______ _____ ______ _____

四.英文表示“_______”時,可用______或______(____)

例1.大象是動物. ____ __________ ___ ____ _________  (用_____表_____) 

___________ _____ __________  (用_____表_____)

例2.河馬不是大象. ___ _______ ______ ____ ___________  (用_____表_____)

_________ _______ ____________  (用_____表_____)

例3.柳丁不是橘子嗎?  ______ ____ ________ ___ ___________  (用_____表_____)

_______ __________ ____________  (用_____表_____)

五.英文表示“______”時,也可用______或______(_____)

＊＊＊ ____+______=______..___/_____+______ (用_____表_____)

 ____+ _____=______..______+______ (用_____表_____)

 ____+__________=______.._____+_________ (用_____表_____)

例1.我的房裡沒老鼠.(老鼠是_________)

_______ ___ ____/_____ ..___ ________ ___ ____ ______ (用_____表_____)

 = _______ _____ ____/_____.._____ ______ ___ ____ ______ (用_____表_____)

例2.冰箱裡沒有果汁了.(果汁是__________) (用_____表_____)

________ _____ ____/_____.._____ ________ ___ _____ _________(x)

_______ ___ ___(0)/_____ ..___(x)/_____ .._____(0)_______ ___ _____ _________ (0)

國三(上)文法 22-12-3 ans.jpg

國三(上)文法 22-12-2 ans.jpg

國三(上)文法 22-12-1 ans.jpg

國三(上)文法 22-12 ans

                                國三(上)文法                        22-12

            (C) who(疑代)開頭的間接問句  <續名詞子句4-1>

例4.我不知道下學期誰是我們的導師[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為否定直述句) I don’t

know<Vt.>[who<S.>will<語助V.>be<原V.>our homeroom teacher<S.C.>next semester]<O.>.

例5.警方不知道誰被從火場救出來[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為否定直述句) The police<S.>

didn’t know<Vt.>[who<S.>was<V.>saved<p.p.=被動>from the fire]<O.>.

例6.老爸不知道誰寫情書給我[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為否定直述句)

Dad didn’t know<Vt.>[who<S.>wrote<V.>a love letter<O₁>to me<O₂>]<O.>.

例7.馬克在和誰談戀愛[間接問句=n.cl.=S.]是個秘密.(整句為肯定直述句)

[Who<O´.>Mark<S´.>is<V´.>falling<現分=進行>in love with]<S.>is<V.>a secret.<S.C.>

*** 名詞子句 <4-2> ***

(D)whose(疑形/疑代)開頭的間接問句

例1.他們不記得誰的車跑的最快了[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為否定直述句)

They don’t remember<Vt.>[whose<疑形>car<S.>ran<V.>the fastest]<O.>.

例2.你能分辨那是誰的短褲[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]嗎? (整句為疑問句)

Can you tell<Vt.>[whose<疑形>shorts<S.C.>those<疑代=S.>are<V.>]<O.>?

例3.沒人知道這傘是誰的[間接問句=n.cl.=O. ]. /這是誰的傘[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].

(整句為否定直述句) Nobody knows<Vt.>[whose<疑代=S.C.>this<指形>umbrella<S.>is<V.>].     èNobody knows <Vt.>[whose<疑形>umbrella <S.C.>this<指代=S.>is<V.>]<O.>.

例4.誰能告訴我這眼鏡是誰的 /這是誰的眼鏡[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]嗎? (整句為疑問句)

Who<S.>can tell<Vt.>me<O₁.>[whose<疑代=S.C.>these<疑形>glasses<S´>are< V´>]<O_2.>?

èWho<S.>can tell<Vt.>me<O₁.>[whose<疑形>glasses<S.C.>these<疑代=S´>are<V´>]<O_2.>?

(E)which(疑形/疑代)開頭的間接問句

例1.你有問她最討厭哪一科[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]嗎? (整句為疑問句)

Do you<S.>ask<Vt.>her<O₁>[which<疑形>subject<O´>she<S´>hates<Vt´>most]<O₂>? 

èDo you ask her[which<疑代=O´>she<S´>hates<Vt´>most among the subjects<O.C.>]<O₂>?

例2.我們知道哪一種動物不在動物園[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為肯定直述句)

We<S.>know<Vt.>[which<疑形>animal<S´>isn’t<V´>in the zoo]<O.>.

èWe<S.>know<Vt.>[which<疑代=S´>among the animals isn’t<V´>in the zoo]<O.>.

(F)where(疑副)開頭的間接問句

例1.你忘記在何處第一次和泰德約會的[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]嗎? (整句為疑問句)

Do you<S.>forget<Vt.>[where<疑副>did<助V.>you<S´>first dated<Vi´>with Ted]<O.>?

例2.你知道台北火車站在哪兒[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]嗎? (整句為疑問句) Do you<S.>know<Vt.>

 [where<疑副>is<V´.>the Taipei Railway Station<S´>is<V´>]<O.>?

例3.我不會告訴你海倫住哪兒.(整句為否定直述句)

I<S.>won’t tell<Vt.>you<O₁>[where<疑副>does<助V.>Helen<S´>lives<V´>]<O₂>.

例4.布朗小姐不讓我們知道她搬去哪兒了[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為否定直述句)

Miss Brown didn’t let us know<Vt.>[where did she moved]<O.>.

(G)when(疑副)開頭的間接問句

例1.請告訴我們你的生曰是什麼時候[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為肯定祈使句)

Please tell<Vt.>us<O₁>[when<疑副>is<V´.>your birthday<S´>is<V´>]<O₂>.

例2.有人知道第一班公車何時開[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]嗎? (整句為疑問句)

Does anyone<S.>know<Vt.>[when<疑副>does<助V.>the first bus<S´>leave<V´>]<O.>?

例3.你還記得我們最後一次相見的時間[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]嗎? (整句為疑問句)

Do you<S.>still remember<Vt.>[when<疑副>did<助V.>we<S´>last met<V´>]<O.>?

例4.我們永遠不會忘記921大地震何時發生的[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為否定直述句)

We never forget<Vt.>[when<疑副>did 921 earthquake<S´>hit<V´>Taiwan<O´>]<O.>.

(H)why(疑副)開頭的間接問句
 例1.警官已查出為何意外會發生[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為肯定直述句)The police officer

has found<Vt.>out[why<疑副>did<助V.>the accident<S´>happened<V´>]<O.>.

 例2.告訴我你為何老是遲到[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為肯定祈使句)

Tell<Vt.>me<O₁>[why<疑副>are<V´.>you<S´>are<V´>always late]<O₂>.

 例3.你知道他們為什麼那麼快就結婚了[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]嗎? (整句為疑問句)Do you have

any idea<O.>[why<疑副>did<助V.>they<S´>got<Vi´>married<p.p.=完成>so soon]<O.C.>?

 例4.你不該跟老師說為何沒來考試嗎[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]? (整句為疑問句)

Shouldn’t you tell your teacher<O₁>[why didn’t you didn’t come for the test]<O₂>?

           *** (F)+(G)+(H)

例1.我們想知道什麼時候在什麼地方加入遊行[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為肯定直述句)

We want to know<Vt.>[when and where can we<S´>can join<Vt´>the parade]<O.>.

例2.你可以告訴我們他為什麼,又是如何在校表現很好[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]的嗎? (整句為疑問句)

Can you tell us<O₁>[why and how does he<S´>does<V´>very well at school]<O₂>?

(I) 1.主要子句為Do you think開頭,合併句子時,間接問句的疑問詞要移至句首

     2.主要子句中有say/guess,合併句子時,間接問句的疑問詞,不一定要移到句首,但意義不同

例1. 她想要什麼做生曰禮物? (整句為疑問句/直接問句)

What<疑代=O.>does<助V.>she<S.>want<Vt.>for..her..birthday<介片=形=O.C.>?

例1.1.你認為她想要什麼做生日禮物[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]呢? (整句為內含間接問句的疑問句)

What do you<S.>think<Vt.>[what does she<S´>want<Vt´>for her birthday]<O.>?

例2.肯尼在醫院還要待多久? (整句為疑問句/直接問句)

How..long<疑副片>will<語助V.>Kenny<S.>stay<原V.>in the hospital?

例2.1你想肯尼在醫院還要待多久[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]呢? (整句為內含間接問句的疑問句)

How..long<疑副片>do you<S.>think<Vt.>[how..long<疑副片>will<語助V.>Kenny<S´>

will<語助V.>stay<原V´>in the hospital]<O.>?