2015年10月8日 星期四

國三(上)文法 22-11 ans

                                國三()文法                            22-11
<> 十一. 祈使句的A.V. è P.V. ,一律以let<使役V.>開頭
2.主詞是第一,三人稱,
 1.用一下你的打火機.(第一人稱,肯定) Let me use<V./Vt.>your lighter. <O.>< A.V.>
è Let your lighter<O.>be<Vt.>used<p.p.=被動>by me.  <P.V.>
 2.咱們別放棄數學吧. (第一人稱,否定) Dont let us give<Vt.>up the math. <O.> < A.V.>
è Dont let the math<O.>be given<p.p.=被動>up by us. <P.V.> ; Let us not give<Vt.>
up the math.<O.>< A.V.> è Let the math<O.>not be<V.>given<p.p.=被動>up by us. < P.V.>
 3.讓他們打完這場比賽吧. (第三人稱,肯定) Let them finish<Vt.>playing the game.
<A.V.> è Let the game be<V.>finished<p.p.=被動>playing by them.  < P.V.>
4.別讓他們再唱同一首歌了. (第三人稱,否定) Dont let them sing<Vt.>the same song
again. <A.V.> è Dont let the same song be<V.>sung<p.p.=被動>again by them. <P.V.>
  Let them not sing<Vt.>the same song again.  <A.V.> 
è Let the same song not be<V.>sung<p.p.=被動>again by them.  <P.V.> <A.V.P.V.>
***  名詞子句<4-1>  ***
名詞子句(noun clause=n.cl.),既然稱為子句(clause),句首必有連接詞引導,有下列三種:
1.that開頭的n.cl. 2.疑問詞(wh-)開頭的n.cl. 3.whether/if(表示是否)開頭的n.cl.
. that引導的名詞子句(n.cl.):   1.主詞(S.)主詞補語(S.C.),不可省略that.
   2.受詞(O.),通常省略that.   3.受詞補語(O.C.),不可省略that.
1.[戴爾一點國語都不會講]<S.+V.=n.cl.=S.><V.>不可能的.
[That<>Dell<S´.>cant speak<V´.>any Mandarin]<n.cl.=S.>is<V.>impossible.
è It<S.=虛主詞>is<V.>impossible
   [that<>Dell<S´.>cant speak<V´.>any Mandarin].<n.cl.=S.C.>
2.事實是<S.+V.>[我媽根本不會煎蛋]<S´.+V´.=n.cl.=S.C.>.
The fact<S.>is<V.>[that<>my mom<S´.>cant even fry<V´.>an egg]<n.cl.=S.C.>
è [That<>my mom<S´.>cant even fry<V´.>an egg]<n.cl.=S.>is<V.>the fact.
3.<S.>告訴<與格V.>老爸<O.>[我會好好照顧阿嬤]<S´.+V´.=n.cl.=O´.>.
I<S.>tell<Vt.>Dad<O.>[(that)Ill take good care of Grandma]<S´.+V´.=n.cl.=O´>
4.我們<S.>從報紙<O.>得知<Vi.>昨晚有地震<S´.+V´.=n.cl.=O.C.>.
We<S.>learned<Vi.>from<>the newspaper<O.>[that<>there<S´.>was<V´.>an
earthquake last night.]<S´.+V´.=n.cl.=O.C.>
 . 疑問詞(wh-)引導的名詞子句(n.cl.),又稱為間接問句. 比較下列3句:
1.現在幾點了? What time is it?  <直接問句,疑問句>   2.你知道現在幾點? Do you know<Vt.>[what time is..it? (x)/it..is? (0)](整句為直接問句,what之後為n.cl.=間接問句)
3.知道/不知道現在是幾點了.I know/dont..know[what time is..it. (x)/it..is. (0)]
(整句為肯定/否定 直述句,what之後為n.cl.=間接問句)
** 間接問句整句具有名詞子句的性質,屬於主要子句(main clause>的一部份,扮演S.O.
角色,不可寫成疑問句/倒裝句(be/V.+S. … +?)的形式,以免與直接問句(主句)混淆.
茲依疑問詞所問內容不同,做以下(A)~(J)十種分類,分別說明:
(A) how(疑副)開頭的間接問句
1.請跟我說你姊姊幾歲了[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為祈使句Please tell<與格V.>me
[how old is<V.> your sister<S.>?](x)/ [how old your sister<S.> is<V.>. ](0)
2.你知道貝蒂有多重[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]?  (整句為疑問句) Do you know<Vt.>
[how much does<V.> Betty<S.>weigh<V.>]?  (x)/[how much Betty<S.> weighs<V.>]? (0)
3.我們了解他的感受[名詞片語=n.phr.=O.]/[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]. (整句為肯定直述句)
We understood[his feelings.](0)/ [how did he feel? ](x)/ [how he<S.> felt.<V.>](0)
4.她不讓我們知道她是如何辦到的[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]. (整句為否定直述句)
She doesnt let us know<Vt.>[how did she make it? ](x)/[how she<S.>made<V.>it. ](0)
5.你知道我的球鞋多少錢[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]? (整句為疑問句) Do you have any idea
[how much my sneakers<S.>were<V.>]? /[how much my sneakers<S.>cost<V.>]?
6.你知道你的網友長怎樣[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]? (整句為疑問句) Do you have any idea
[how your Net pal <S.>looks<Vi.>like<>]? /[what your Net pal <S.>looks<Vi.>like<>]?
(B) what(疑代)開頭的間接問句
1.告訴我你真的想要什麼[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為肯定祈使句)  Tell<與格V.>me
[what do<V.> you<S.> really want<Vt.>? (x)]/[what<O.>you<S.>really want.<Vt.> (0)]
2.你知道這是做什麼用的[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]? (整句為疑問句) Do you know<Vt.>
[what<O.>is<V.>this<S.>for<>]? (x) /[what<O.>this<S.>is<V.>for<>]? (0)
3.沒人知道她在找啥[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為否定直述句) No one knows<Vt.>
[what is<V.>she<S.>looking for<>? ](x)/[what<O.>she<S.>is<V.>looking for.<>](0)
4.我們很好奇遊行隊伍發生什麼事[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為肯定直述句)
We wondered<Vt.>[what<S.>was<V.>happening<現分=進行>in the parade.]
5.你知道什麼東西花她這麼多錢[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]? (整句為疑問句)
Do you know<Vt.>[what<S.>cost<V.>her<O.>so much ]?
6.他決不會忘記是什麼事令他如此受傷[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為否定直述句)
He never forgets<Vt.>[what<S.>has<V.>hurt<p.p.=完成>him so much.]
(C) who(疑代)開頭的間接問句
1.告訴老媽你昨晚和誰在一起[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為肯定祈使句) Tell<與格V.>Mom
[who<O.>were<V.>you<S.>with<>](x)/ [who<O.>you<S.>were<V.>with<>](0)last night.
2.請你告訴我此地我能相信誰[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]. (整句為肯定祈使句) Please tell me
[who can<語助V.>I<S.>believe<Vt.>](x)/ [who<O.>I<S.>can<語助V.>believe<Vt.>](0)here.
3.我們都想要知道班上你最喜歡誰[間接問句=n.cl.=O.].(整句為肯定直述句) We all wonder

[who do<V.>you<S.>like<Vt.>best](x)/ [who<O.>you<S.>like<Vt.>best](0)in the class.

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