國二(上)文法 25-11 ans

 國二(上)文法                            25-11

動詞的分身-變性 <4-3>

    2.1動名詞(gerund)/不定詞(to V.)做受詞(O.)皆可,且意思相同的及物動詞(及V.)有:

love(喜愛), like(喜歡), hate(討厭), learn(學習), start/begin(開始) …

例1.老天開始下雪了. It starts /begins snowing. / to.._snow.

例2.我哥討厭在寒冬早晨去慢跑.

My brother hated going /to..go jogging in a cold winter morning.

例3.傑喜歡聽流行歌曲. Jay enjoyed to..listen(x)/listening(0)to pop songs.

à Jay loved/liked to..listen(0)/listening(0)to pop songs.

例4.梅在學游泳. May’s learning to..swim /swimming.

    2.2動名詞(Ving)/不定詞(to V.)做受詞(O.)皆可,但意思不同的及物動詞(及V.)有:

stop(停止), remember(記得), forget(忘記),try(嘗試) …

例1.約瑟夫,別上網了,去唸點書吧. (祈使句)

Joseph, don’t surf the Net .And do some studying.

à Joseph, stop to..surf(x)/surfing(0) to..do(0)/doing(x) some studying.

例1.1理查,時間太晚了.  Richard, it’s too late.     

別唸書了,去睡覺吧. Stop to..study(x)/studying(0)to..go(0)/going(x)to bed.

例1.2波莉,別講電話了,去倒垃圾. Polly, stop to..talk(x)/talking(0)on the phone to..take(0)/taking(x)out the garbage.

例1.3茱莉,(別看漫畫)去洗澡吧.

  Stop(reading the comics)to..take(0)/taking(x)a bath, Julie.

例1.4李家停止搜尋迷失的狗了.

  The Lis stopped to..look(x)/looking(0)for the missing dog.

例1.5他們有停下來看著那幅畫嗎?

  Did they stop to..look(0)/looking(x)at the picture?

例1.6賴利,該吃晚飯了.                     別運動了.

  It’s time for dinner, Larry.       Stop to..exercise. (x)/exercising. (0)

例1.7比利,停下來(看電視),去運動吧.

  Stop(watching TV)to..exercise(0)/exercising(x) ,Billy.

比較1.哈利上週離開台北. Harry left for Taipei last week.

       哈利上週去台北.  Harry left for Taipei last week.

比較2.我阿姨前天從台中去東京了.

     My aunt went to Tokyo from Taichung the day before yesterday.

  à My aunt left Taichung for Tokyo the day before yesterday.

比較3.我阿伯上個月(從台灣去)去大陸了.

My uncle went to Mainland China (from Taiwan)last month.

 à  My uncle left (Taiwan)for Mainland China last month.

例2.琳達記得吃過感冒藥了.(已做…)

  Linda remembered to..take(x)/taking(0)the cold medicine.

例2.1琳達,記得要吃維他命.(提醒…)

  Linda, remember to..take(0)/taking(x)the vitamins.

例2.2凱倫記得買好火車票了.(已做…)

  Kellen remembers to..buy(x)/buying(0)the train tickets.

例2.3凱倫,記得要買演唱會的票.(提醒…)

  Kellen, remember to..buy(0)/buying(x)the tickets to the concert.

例2.4凱倫,記得離開前鎖上門.(提醒…)

  Kellen, remember to..lock(0)/locking(x)the door before leaving.

例3.海倫忘記報告已交了.(已做…)

  Helen forgot to..hand(0)/handing(x)in the report.

例3.1海倫,別忘了帶講義.(提醒…)

  Helen, don’t forget to..bring(0)/bringing(x)the handouts.

例3.2海倫忘記帶作業了.(未做…)

  Helen forgets to..bring(0)/bringing(x)the homework.

例4.泰利正試著通過駕駛考試.(努力試著做…)

  Terry’s trying to..pass(0)/passing(x)the driving test.

例4.1泰德嘗試挑一張紙牌.(隨意試著做…)

  Ted tried to..pick(x)/picking(0)up a card.

三.現在分詞(現分)是在原V.的字尾+ ing而成,與動名詞同形,但詞性已從動詞

轉變為形容詞(修飾名/代)有主動/進行的意思,用法如下:

1.現在分詞(Ving= 現分=形)常見於進行式=be+Ving,表進行

例1.喬治邊笑邊咳嗽.(現在進行式)

  George is laughing(現分表進行)and coughing. (現分表進行)

例2.小朋友們正開心地在遊樂園玩著. (現在進行式)

  The kids are having(現分表進行)fun in the amusement park.

   2.現在分詞(Ving= 現分=形)常見於Ving+N. 或 N.+Ving,表主動/進行

例1.在跳舞的女士是劉女士.(Ving+N.=前位修飾)

  The dancing(Ving=形=>lady=N.=S.)lady(S.)is Ms. Liu.

例2.在公園裡叫的狗是流浪犬.(Ving+介片=現在分詞片語=後位修飾)

The dogs barking(現分=形=>dogs=N.=S.)at the park were stray ones.