國一(上)文法 25-13 ans

                                 國一(上)文法                    25-13

一.用英文表示“有”的用法有兩種:

1.have/has(單三式)表擁有的意思.

例1.威爾森夫婦有一男一女.

Mr. and Mrs. Willson have(0)/has(x)a son and a daughter.

例2. 傑瑞有台很酷的電腦.

Jerry have(x)/haves(x)/has(0)a cool computer.

2.there  is + 單名/不可數N.

      are + 複名 (pl.)     表示在…地方,有…,是指存在而非擁有的意思.

句型如下:

          is + a / an + 單名                                                                                      

There     is + little / some / much + 不可數N.            +介系詞+名詞                  (很少)  (一些) (很多)                       =介片(地方副詞)

          are + few / some / many / 數詞 + 複名(pl.)       表場所/位置

            (很少) (一些) (很多) (≧2)

＊＊there在此句型中,屬於代名詞是做預備主詞.真正的主詞是在V-be後面的

可數/不可數 名詞.所以,句中的V-be (is/are)要隨真主詞而定.因為句中有

V-be,故可形成疑問句,否定句,疑否句,簡答句和省略句五種句型.

   ＊＊＊在簡答句時, 主詞不能用人稱代名詞(人代),而是用there.

  例1.山姆的書桌下有塊擦布.There..is/There’s an eraser under Sam’s desk.

疑問:Is there an eraser under Sam’s desk?

否定:There is..not/isn’t an eraser under Sam’s desk.

否問:Is there not an eraser under Sam’s desk?

     Isn’t there an eraser under Sam’s desk?

   簡答:Yes  ,it..is.(x)/ ,there..is.(0)/ ,there’s.(x) 

        No  ,there’s..not..one.  / ,there’s..not.  / ,there..isn’t.

   省略: 山姆的書桌下有塊擦布,而丹尼斯的書桌下也有一塊. / ,但比爾的書桌下沒有.

        There’s an eraser under Sam’s desk 

        ,and there’s one under Dennis’(desk) ,too. /

        ,but there’s not one under Bill’s (desk).

例2.樹上有許多猴子. There is(x)/are(0)many monkeys on(x)/in(0)the tree.

疑問:Are there many monkeys on(x)/in(0)the tree?

否定:There are..not/aren’t many monkeys in the tree.

否問:Are there not many monkeys in the tree?

     Aren’t there many monkeys in the tree?

   簡答:Yes, they(x)/there(0)are.   /   No, there are..not. / aren’t.

省略: 樹上有許多猴子,而樹下也很多.  /  ,但樹後面只有2隻.

     There are many monkeys in the tree  

     ,and there are many under the tree.  /

     ,but there are only two(monkeys)behind the tree.

二.用there做預備主詞,問“在…地方,有…嗎?”或“在…地方,有沒有…?”時,               句中的真主詞, 若是可數名詞,要視為多數(pl.).

           若是不可數N.,則視為單數.

例1.體育館裡有體育老師嗎(有沒有體育老師)? (肯/否簡答) (體育老師是可數N.)

Is there a PE teacher(x)in the gym?

Are there any PE teachers(0)in the gym?

Yes, there are.    /    No, there are..not(any)./ aren’t(any).

＊比較: 圖書館裡有位自然老師嗎? (肯/否簡答)(＊問句中指的是一位自然老師)

Are there any science teachers(x)in the library?

Is there a science teacher(0)in the library?

Yes, there is(one).    /    No, there is..not./ isn’t.

例2.動物園裡有沒有台灣黑熊? 有,有許多隻. / ,只有一隻. / 不,沒有.

Are there any Formosan Black Bears in the zoo?

Yes, there are many.   / Yes, there’s only one.

No, there aren’t./ aren’t..any.

三.問“在…地方,有…嗎?”,而句中的真主詞是疑問詞時,要視為單數第三人稱(單三).

例1.你的鉛筆盒裡有什麼東西? What(S.)are(x)/is(0)in your pencil box?

有塊擦布,二枝螢光筆和一些自動鉛筆. There is(0)/are(0)an eraser

,two highlighters and some mechanical pencils.

例2.那棵樹上有什麼? What are(x)/ is(0)in that tree? (主詞是What)

有許多螞蟻和蜜蜂. There are many ants and bees.

例3.誰在廚房? Who are(x)/is(0)there in the kitchen?  (主詞是who)

是我爸媽. They’re my dad and mom.  /  My dad and mom are.

例4.誰是你同班同學? Who are(x)/is(0)your classmate? (主詞是who)

是茱蒂和莘蒂. They’re Judy and Cindy.  /  Judy and Cindy are.

四.英文表示“全部”時,可用單數或多數(pl.)

例1.大象是動物. An elephant is an animal.  (用單數表全部) 

Elephants are animals.  (用pl.表全部)

例2.河馬不是大象. An hippo isn’t an elephant.  (用單數表全部)

Hippos aren’t elephants. (用pl.表全部)

例3.柳丁不是橘子嗎?  Isn’t an orange a tangerine?  (用單數表全部)

Aren’t oranges tangerines?  (用pl.表全部)

五.英文表示“沒有”時,也可用單數或多數(pl.)

＊＊＊ no+單名=not..a/an+單名 (用單數表沒有)

 no+複名=not..any+pl. (用pl.表沒有)

 no+不可數N.=not..any+不可數N. (用單數表沒有)

例1.我的房裡沒老鼠.(老鼠是可數N.)

There is no/not..a mouse in my room. (用單數表沒有)

 = There are no/not..any mice in my room. (用pl.表沒有)

例2.冰箱裡沒有果汁了.(果汁是不可數N.) (用單數表沒有)

There are no/not..any juice in the fridge. (x)

There is no(0)/not..a(x)/ not..any(0)juice in the fridge. (0)