2016年1月9日 星期六

國三(上)文法 <關代4-1> 22-18 ans

                              國三()文法 <關代4-1>                   22-18
** 關係代名詞(Relative Pronoun=關代)是在一句中同時具有連接詞代名詞兩種詞性的代名詞;
主格,所有格受格三種用法.            1.用於: who<>whose<>whom/who<>
2.用於非人: which<>whose<>which<> 3.用於/非人: that<><>that<>
*** 關係代名詞用法歸納
1.  關代主詞<主格>,that可代替who/which,不能省略.
2.  關代受詞<受格>,that可代替whom/who/which,通常省略.
* 關代介系詞<prep.>的後面,只能用whom/which,不能省略,不能that.
* that雖然可以代替who/whom/which,不能出現在介系詞的後面.
3. 關代所有格,不論/非人皆為whose.
但也可以寫成:the 部份+of+全部<whom/which>; of+全部<whom/which>+the 部份
4. 關代所代替的名詞(N.),通常就在關代前面,所以該關代所代替的 名詞又稱為先行詞.
5. 關代所引導的子句,性質上屬於形容詞,用來說明先行詞(N.),因為本身有S.+V.,
故稱為形容詞子句(adj. cl.).,關代本身有連接詞的詞性,所引導的子句,
相對於主要子句<主句>,可視為從屬子句<從子句>關係子句,所以關代又稱為從屬連接詞/關係詞.
***學習關代前,試合併下列句子,有助於了解為何有關代的產生及關代的妙用所在. *[ ]內即形容詞子句.
1.  (a) I<S.>need<Vt.> a computer<O.>.       (b) The computer<S.>has<Vt.>a big screen<O.>.
I<S.>need<Vt.>a computer ,and<>the computer<S´.>has<V´.>a big screen<O´.è
I<S.>need<Vt.>a computer[which<S´.><關代=a computer+>has<V´.>a big screen].
2.  (a) I<S.>caught<Vt.>the thief<O.>.       (b) The thief<S.>stole<Vt.>Franks iPhone<O.>.
The thief<S.>stole<Vt.>Franks iPhone<O.>,and<>I<S´.>caught<Vt´.>him.<O´.>  è
I<S.>caught<Vt.>the thief[who<S´.><關代=the thief+>stole<Vt´.>Franks iPhone].
 3.(a) The dancer<S.>is<Vi.>cute.              (b) Mays<S.+Vi.>looking at him<O.>.
The dancer<S.>is<Vi.>cute ,and<>Mays<S.+Vi.>looking at him<O.>.  è
The dancer<S.>[who/whom<O´.><關代=him+>Mays<S´.+Vi´.>looking at him]is<Vi.>cute.
*[who/whom<O´.><關代=him+>Mays<S´.+Vi´.>looking at him]=形子句修飾dancer<S.=N.=先行詞>
4.(a) Dan<S.>lost<Vt.>his iPad<O.>.         (b) Dan<S.>bought<Vt.>it<O.>2 days ago.
Dan<S.>lost<Vt.>his iPad<O.>/ ,and<>he<S.>bought<Vt.>it<O.>2 days ago.  è
Dan<S.>lost<Vt.>his iPad<O.>[which<關代=it+>he<S´.>bought<Vt´.>it<O.>2 days ago.]
*[which<關代=it+>he<S´.>bought<Vt´.>it<O.>2 days ago]=形子句修飾iPad<O.=N.=先行詞>
***** 細說關係代名詞用法      .關代做主詞(S.),who/which可用that代替,不可省略.
1.(a)This student<S.>is very polite.  (b)This student<S.>is my classmate. *[ ]內即_______
This student<S.>[who<S´.><關代=that=>is<Vi´.>my classmate]is<Vi.>very polite.
中譯:我同班的這個學生很有禮貌.
This student<S.>[who<S´.><關代=that=>is<Vi´.>very polite]is<Vi.>my classmate.
中譯:很有禮貌的這個學生是我同班同學.
 2.(a) That new shopping mall<S.>is in Taipei. (b) That new shopping mall<S.>has many stores.
That new shopping mall<S.>[which<關代=S´.>has<Vt´.>many stores]is<Vi.>in Taipei.
中譯:那家新開幕而且有許多店家在裡面的大賣場是在台北市.
That new shopping mall<S.>[which<關代=S´.>is<Vi´.>in Taipei]has<Vt.>many stores.
中譯:那家位於台北市新開幕的購物廣場有許多的店家在裡面.
 3.(a) The girl<S.>with long hair is my cousin.     (b) The girl<S.>can play the drums.
The girl<S.>with long hair[who<關代=S´>can play<Vt´.>the drums]is<Vi.>my cousin.
中譯:那位留長髮會打鼓的女孩是我表姊.
The girl<S.>with long hair[who<關代=S´>is<Vi´.>my cousin]can play<Vt.>the drums.
中譯:那位留長髮,是我表姊的女孩會打鼓.
 4.(a) Nina loves the young engineer<O.>.           (b) The young engineers<S.>hard-working.
Nina<S.>loves<Vt.>the young engineer<O.>[who<關代=S´>is<Vi´.>hard-working].
中譯:妮娜愛上了那個年輕又勤勞的工程師.
5.(a) The movie<S.>is showing at the Max Theater.   (b) The movies<S.>scary.
The movie<S.>[which<關代=S´>is<Vi´.>scary]is<Vi.>showing at the Max Theater.
中譯:這部嚇人的電影正在馬克斯戲院上映中.
The movie<S.>[which<關代=S´>is<Vi´.>showing at the Max Theater]is<Vi.>scary.
中譯:這部正在馬克斯戲院上映的電影是恐怖的.
6.(a) Moms talking to the policeman<O.>             (b) That policeman<S.>helps us a lot.
Moms<S.+Vi.>talking to the policeman<O.>[who<關代=S´>helps<V´.>us a lot].
中譯:老媽正在和那位幫我們很多忙的警察先生講話.
7.(a) Debbie had a boyfriend<O.>.                    (b) Her boyfriend<S.>was an artist.
Debbie<S.>had<Vt.>a boyfriend<O.>[who<關代=S´>was<Vi´.>an artist].
中譯:黛比有位藝術家男友
8.(a) They bought some comics<O.>at the fair.       (b) The comics<S.>were great and cheap.
They<S.>bought<Vt.>some comics[which<關代=S´>were<Vi´.>great and cheap]at the fair.
中譯:他們在展場買了些很棒又便宜的漫畫.
9.(a) Jean always wears jeans<O.>.                  (b) The jeans<S.>are good-looking.
Jean<S.>always wears<Vt.>jeans<O.>[which<關代=S´>are<Vi´.>good-looking].
中譯:珍總是穿著很好看的牛仔褲.
10.(a) The short boys<S.>quite naughty.          (b) The short boys<S.>sitting behind me.
The short boy<S.>[who<關代=S´>is<Vi´.>sitting behind me]is<Vi.>quite naughty.
中譯:那個坐在我後面的矮男生很頑皮.
11.(a) We met an old man<O.>at the market.  (b) The old man<S.>was our relative.(親戚)
We<S.>met<Vt.>an old man<O.>[who<關代=S´>was<Vi´.>our relative]at the market.

中譯:我們在市場遇見了一位是我們親戚的老先生.

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