國三(上)文法 <關代4-1> 22-18
** 關係代名詞(Relative Pronoun=關代)是在一句中同時具有連接詞和代名詞兩種詞性的代名詞;
有主格,所有格及受格三種用法. 1.用於人: who<主>whose<所>whom/who<受>
2.用於非人: which<主>whose<所>which<受> 3.用於人/非人: that<主>Ⅹ<所>that<受>
*** 關係代名詞用法歸納
1. 關代做主詞<主格>時,that可代替who/which,但不能省略.
2. 關代做受詞<受格>時,that可代替whom/who/which,且通常省略.
* 若關代在介系詞<prep.>的後面,只能用whom/which,且不能省略,也不能用that.
* that雖然可以代替who/whom/which,但不能出現在,或介系詞的後面.
3.
關代的所有格,不論人/非人皆為whose.
但也可以寫成:the
部份+of+全部<whom/which>; 或 of+全部<whom/which>+the
部份
4.
關代所代替的名詞(N.),通常就在關代的前面,所以該關代所代替的 名詞又稱為先行詞.
5.
關代所引導的子句,性質上屬於形容詞,用來說明先行詞(N.),因為本身有S.+V.,
故稱為形容詞子句(adj. cl.).又,關代本身有連接詞的詞性,所引導的子句,
相對於主要子句<主句>,可視為從屬子句<從子句>或關係子句,所以關代又稱為從屬連接詞/關係詞.
***學習關代前,試合併下列句子,有助於了解為何有關代的產生及關代的妙用所在. *[ ]內即形容詞子句.
1. (a)
I<S.>need<Vt.> a computer<O.>.
(b) The computer<S.>has<Vt.>a big screen<O.>.
I<S.>need<Vt.>a computer ,and<連>the computer<S´.>has<V´.>a big screen<O´.> è
I<S.>need<Vt.>a computer[which<S´.><關代=a computer+連>has<V´.>a big screen].
2. (a)
I<S.>caught<Vt.>the thief<O.>.
(b) The thief<S.>stole<Vt.>Frank’s iPhone<O.>.
The thief<S.>stole<Vt.>Frank’s iPhone<O.>,and<連>I<S´.>caught<Vt´.>him.<O´.> è
I<S.>caught<Vt.>the thief[who<S´.><關代=the thief+連>stole<Vt´.>Frank’s iPhone].
3.(a) The dancer<S.>is<Vi.>cute. (b) May’s<S.+Vi.>looking at him<O.>.
The dancer<S.>is<Vi.>cute ,and<連>May’s<S.+Vi.>looking at him<O.>.
è
The dancer<S.>[who/whom<O´.><關代=him+連>May’s<S´.+Vi´.>looking at him]is<Vi.>cute.
*[who/whom<O´.><關代=him+連>May’s<S´.+Vi´.>looking at him]=形子句修飾dancer<S.=N.=先行詞>
4.(a) Dan<S.>lost<Vt.>his iPad<O.>.
(b) Dan<S.>bought<Vt.>it<O.>2
days ago.
Dan<S.>lost<Vt.>his iPad<O.>;/ ,and<連>he<S.>bought<Vt.>it<O.>2 days ago. è
Dan<S.>lost<Vt.>his iPad<O.>[which<關代=it+連>he<S´.>bought<Vt´.>it<O.>2 days ago.]
*[which<關代=it+連>he<S´.>bought<Vt´.>it<O.>2 days ago]=形子句修飾iPad<O.=N.=先行詞>
***** 細說關係代名詞用法 一.關代做主詞(S.)時,who/which可用that代替,但不可省略.
1.(a)This student<S.>is
very polite. (b)This student<S.>is my classmate. *[ ]內即_______
This student<S.>[who<S´.><關代=that=主>is<Vi´.>my
classmate]is<Vi.>very polite.
中譯:我同班的這個學生很有禮貌.
This student<S.>[who<S´.><關代=that=主>is<Vi´.>very
polite]is<Vi.>my classmate.
中譯:很有禮貌的這個學生是我同班同學.
2.(a) That new shopping mall<S.>is in Taipei. (b) That new shopping mall<S.>has many stores.
That new shopping
mall<S.>[which<關代=S´.>has<Vt´.>many
stores]is<Vi.>in Taipei.
中譯:那家新開幕而且有許多店家在裡面的大賣場是在台北市.
That new shopping
mall<S.>[which<關代=S´.>is<Vi´.>in
Taipei]has<Vt.>many stores.
中譯:那家位於台北市新開幕的購物廣場有許多的店家在裡面.
3.(a) The girl<S.>with long hair is my cousin. (b)
The girl<S.>can play the
drums.
The girl<S.>with long hair[who<關代=S´>can play<Vt´.>the drums]is<Vi.>my cousin.
中譯:那位留長髮會打鼓的女孩是我表姊.
The girl<S.>with long hair[who<關代=S´>is<Vi´.>my
cousin]can
play<Vt.>the drums.
中譯:那位留長髮,是我表姊的女孩會打鼓.
4.(a) Nina loves the young engineer<O.>. (b)
The young engineer’s<S.>hard-working.
Nina<S.>loves<Vt.>the young engineer<O.>[who<關代=S´>is<Vi´.>hard-working].
中譯:妮娜愛上了那個年輕又勤勞的工程師.
5.(a) The movie<S.>is
showing at the Max Theater. (b) The movie’s<S.>scary.
The movie<S.>[which<關代=S´>is<Vi´.>scary]is<Vi.>showing at the Max Theater.
中譯:這部嚇人的電影正在馬克斯戲院上映中.
The movie<S.>[which<關代=S´>is<Vi´.>showing
at the
Max Theater]is<Vi.>scary.
中譯:這部正在馬克斯戲院上映的電影是恐怖的.
6.(a) Mom’s
talking to the policeman<O.> (b)
That policeman<S.>helps us a lot.
Mom’s<S.+Vi.>talking
to the
policeman<O.>[who<關代=S´>helps<V´.>us
a lot].
中譯:老媽正在和那位幫我們很多忙的警察先生講話.
7.(a) Debbie had a boyfriend<O.>.
(b)
Her boyfriend<S.>was an
artist.
Debbie<S.>had<Vt.>a boyfriend<O.>[who<關代=S´>was<Vi´.>an
artist].
中譯:黛比有位藝術家男友
8.(a) They bought some comics<O.>at the fair. (b) The comics<S.>were great and cheap.
They<S.>bought<Vt.>some comics[which<關代=S´>were<Vi´.>great
and cheap]at the fair.
中譯:他們在展場買了些很棒又便宜的漫畫.
9.(a) Jean always wears jeans<O.>.
(b) The jeans<S.>are good-looking.
Jean<S.>always wears<Vt.>jeans<O.>[which<關代=S´>are<Vi´.>good-looking].
中譯:珍總是穿著很好看的牛仔褲.
10.(a) The short boy’s<S.>quite
naughty. (b) The short boy’s<S.>sitting
behind me.
The short boy<S.>[who<關代=S´>is<Vi´.>sitting
behind me]is<Vi.>quite naughty.
中譯:那個坐在我後面的矮男生很頑皮.
11.(a) We met an old man<O.>at the market. (b) The old man<S.>was our relative.(親戚)
We<S.>met<Vt.>an old man<O.>[who<關代=S´>was<Vi´.>our
relative]at
the market.
中譯:我們在市場遇見了一位是我們親戚的老先生.
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