國三(上)文法 <關代4-2> 22-19
<續>一.關代做主詞(S.)時,who/which可用that代替,但不可省略.
12.警方逮到那個我們認為已經逃跑的賊. The police caught the thief
[whom(x)/who<關代=that=S´.>(0)we
thought(插入句)ran<V´.>away.]
è[who/whom<關代=that=O´.>we<S´.>thought<Vt´.>to
run away.]
13.只要聽那些你相信是誠實的人講的話.Listen only to the..people/those
[whom(x)/that(x)who<關代=S´.>(0)you believe(插入句)are<V´.>honest.]
è[who/whom<關代=that=O´.>you<S´.>believe<V´.>to
be honest.]
14.我認為是我哥兒們的傢伙騙走了我的錢.The guy
[whom(x)/who<關代=that=S´.>(0)(I
thought)was my buddy cheated me of my money.]è
[who/whom<關代=that=O´.>I<S´.>thought<V´.>to
be my
buddy cheated
me of
my money.]
二.關係代名詞做受詞(受格)時,who/whom/which皆可用that代替,且通常省略.
A. 關代做及物動詞(Vt.)的受詞(O.)
1. (a)The dress’<S.>expensive. (b)Lily
likes it<O.>very much.
The dress<S.>[which<關代=that=O´.>Lily<S´.>likes<Vt´.>very
much]is<Vi.>expensive.
中譯:莉莉喜歡的那件洋裝很貴.
2. (a)Chinese’s<S.>an old
language. (b)We’re using it<O.>.
中譯:中文是我們正在使用的古老的語言.
3. (a)Kate told a cold joke<O.>. (b)We felt it<O.>boring<現分=O.C.>.
中譯:凱特講了一個我們覺得很無聊的冷笑話.
was boring<現分=O.C.>
中譯:我們覺得凱特講的冷笑話很無聊.
4. (a)Cockroaches<S.>are pests.(n.=S.C.) (b)Most people hate them<O.>.
Cockroaches<S.>are<Vi.>pests[which<關代=that=O´.>most
people<S´.>hate<Vt´.>them]
中譯:蟑螂是大多數人所討厭的害蟲.
中譯:大多數人討厭的蟑螂是害蟲.
5. (a)The butterfly<S.>was dead. (b)I caught it<O.>by the lake.
was<V.>dead. 中譯:我在湖邊捕捉到的那隻蝴蝶死掉了.
6. (a)The science report<S.>was excellent. (b)They
did it<O.>on their own.
was<Vi.>excellent. 中譯:他們自己做的科學報告很優異. B.關代做不及V.(Vi.)+Prep.的受詞. *留意此句型中介系詞的位置與相關變化.
1. (a)That popular singer’s<S.>Jay. (b)We’re
talking about him<O.>.
is<Vi.>Jay. èThat popular
singer<S.>[about<介>who(x)/that(x)/whom(0)<關代=O´.>
we’re<S´.+Vi´.>talking]is<Vi.>Jay. 中譯:那位我們正在談論的流行歌手是杰.
2. (a)This was the farm house<名片=S.C.>.
(b)Ted was born in it<O.>.
èThis was the farm house[in<介>it(x)that(x)/which(0)<關代=O´.>Ted<S´.>was<Vi´.>
born]. 中譯:這就是泰德所出生的農舍.
3. (a)It’s<S.+Vi.>the date<N.=S.C.>. (b)My
sister<S.>got<Vi.>married on that date<O.>.
It’s<S.+Vi.>the date[which<關代=that=O´.>my
sister<S´.>got<Vi´.>married on<介>].
èIt’s<S.+Vi.>the date[on<介>it(x)that(x)/which(0)<關代=O´.>my sister<S´.>
got< Vi´.>married<現分=S.C.>]
中譯:那就是我姊結婚的日子了.
4. (a)That’s a famous painting<N.=S.C.>. (b)Lots of visitors are looking at it<O.>.
That’s a famous painting<N.>[which<關代=that=O´.>lots
of visiters<S´.>are<Vi´.>
<關代=O´.>lots
of visiters<S´.>are<Vi´.>looking.]
中譯:那是幅很多訪客觀賞的名畫.
5. (a)David’s a charming magician<N.=S.C.>. (b)Many
people here hear about him<O.>.
David’s<S.+Vi.>a charming magician[whom<關代=who=that=O´.>many people<S´.>
who(x)/him(x)that(x)/whom(0)<關代=O´.>many people<S´.>here hear<Vi´.>.]
中譯:大衛是此地許多民眾聽聞過的迷人的魔術師.
三.關代的所有格,無論人/非人皆用whose;
也可寫成
,the+部份+of+全部(whom/which),或 of+全部(whom/which)+the+部份
1.
(a)Did you know the policeman over there? (b)His name’s Frank.
Did you know the policeman
over there/[his(x)/whose(0)name<S´.>is<Vi´.>
Frank? ]/
[of
whom<全部=關代>the name<部份=S´.>is<Vi´.> Frank?
]/
[,the
name<部份=S´.>of him(x)/which(x)that(x)/whom<關代=全部>(0)is<Vi´.> Frank?
]
中譯:你認識他的名字是福蘭克的那個警察嗎?
2. (a)That
girl was my mousemate.(網友) (b)Her brother was a musician.
That girl[her(x)/whose(0)brother<S´.>was<Vi´.>a musician]was
my mousemate.
è
That girl[of whom<關代>her brother<部份=S´.>was<Vi´.>a musician]was
my mousemate.
è
That girl[,the brother<部份=S´.>of her(x)/hers(x)/whom<全部>(0)was a musician]
was my mousemate. 中譯:她哥哥是音樂家的那女孩是我的網友
3. (a)The
lady is very brave. (b)Her
friends are proud of her. The lady[whose
friends are proud of her]is very brave. èThe lady[of..whom..the..friends/
,the..friends..of..her(x)/..whom(0)are
proud of
her]is
very brave.
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