國三(上)文法 22-9 ans

                                國三(上)文法                   22-9

被動語態(Passive Voice= P.V.) <3-2>

三.不同時式的主動語態<A.V.>改被動語態<P.V.>   接<3-1>

10. 未來進行式<S.+ will+ be+ Ving表進行>

 例.這兩隊將在下週同一時間再度交手.

The two teams will<未來式>be<原V.>playing<現分=進行>the game again at the                same time next week. <A.V.> èThe game will<語助V.>be<原V.>being<現分=進行>

played<p.p.=被動>again by the two teams at the same time next week. (x)

** be,being,been任二者不能連用,所以現在/過去/未來的完成進行式,都不能由A.V.改P.V.

** 未來進行式句中,A.V.改P.V.時,be與being會同時出現,所以不能由A.V.→P.V..

因此12個動詞時式中,只有8個可以由A.V.→P.V.

四.句中有語助V.(can,may,will,must,should …)時,由A.V. è P.V.

 例1.學生不該看太多電視. Students shouldn’t<語助V.>watch too much TV.   <A.V.>

 è Too much TV shouldn’t<語助V.>be watched<p.p.=被動>by students.   <P.V.>

 例2.史密斯博士會說五種不同的語言. Dr. Smith can<語助V.>speak five different       languages.  è Five different languages can be spoken<p.p.=被動>by Dr. Smith.

例3.那小孩子一定要吃那麼多的維他命嗎?  Must<語助V.>that kid take so much(x)/ many(0)vitamins?  è Must<語助V.>so many vitamins be taken<p.p.=被動>by that kid?          例4.他們可能會在婚宴上遇見那位大廚神.They may<語助V.>meet the chef at the wedding       party.  è The chef may<語助V.>be met<p.p.=被動>by them at the wedding party.

五.句中有感官V.(see,watch,hear,listen …)時,由A.V.è P.V.<句中的感官V.已變性為p.p.>

 例1.我看過泰德洗他的臭鞋子.I saw<感官V.>Ted wash<原不定=O.C.>(0)/ washing(x)his     stinky sneakers.   è Ted was<V.=P.T.>seen<p.p.=被動>wash(x)/washing(x)/

to..wash<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>(0)his stinky sneakers by me.

   比較: 我看見泰利在洗他的髒衣服.I saw<感官V.>Terry wash<原不定=O.C.>(x)/washing(0)

his dirty clothes.   è Terry was<V.=P.T.>seen<p.p.=被動>wash(x)/washing(0)/

to..wash<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>(x)his dirty clothes by me.

 例2.我們聽過茱莉唱日本歌.We heard<感官V.>Julie sing<原不定=O.C.>(0) /singing(x)

Japanese songs.  è Julie was<V.=P.T.>heard<p.p.=被動>sing(x)/ singing(x)/

to..sing<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>(0)Japanese songs by us.

  比較: 我們聽到茱蒂在和別人吵架.We heard<感官V.>Judy fight<原不定=O.C.>(x)/ fighting(0)with others.  è Judy was<V.=P.T.>heard<p.p.=被動>fight(x)/fighting(0)/

to..fight<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>(x)with others by us.

六. 句中有使役V.(make,have,help)時,由A.V. è P.V. <句中的使役V.已變性為p.p.>

 例1.老爸要老媽戒菸.(用make/P.T.) Dad made<使役V.>Mom quit<原不定=O.C.>smoking. è

Mom was<V.>made<p.p.=被動>quit(x)/to..quit<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>smoking(0)by Dad.

 例2.張爸要他女兒拖廚房地板. (用have/Pr.T.) Uncle Chang has<使役V.>his daughter

to..mop(x)/ mop<原不定=O.C.>(0)the kitchen floor.  è Uncle Chang’s daughter

is<V.=Pr.T.>had(x)/ made<p.p.=被動=形>(0)mop(x)/ to..mop(0)<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>

the kitchen floor by him.

 例3. Sherry不幫雪莉做家事. Sherry didn’t help<使役V./一般V.>Shirley do<原不定=O.C.>/

to..do<to V.=不定詞=O.C.>the housework.  èShirley wasn’t <V.>helped<p.p.=被動>

do<原不定=S.C.>(x)/ to..do<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>the housework by Sherry.

*** 以上感官V./使役V.在P.V.句中,變性為p.p.<形>之後,就不再有 動詞的詞性了.

七. 句中有與格動詞+ 人..物; 物..to/for..人時,由A.V. è P.V.

 1.與格V.的受詞中,無論人<間受>/物<直受>,都可以做P.V.的主詞者,有teach(教)/ buy(買)/

tell(告訴)/ pay(付錢)/ lend(借出)/ borrow(借入)/ send(寄送)/ give(給)…

例1.菲利浦教我們英文.Philip teaches<V.=Pr.T.>us<人=O.=間受>English. <物=O.=直受>

  èWe<人=S.>are<V.>taught<p.p.=被動>English by Philip.

Philip teaches<V.=Pr.T.>English<物=O.=直受>to<介>us.<人=O.=間受>

èEnglish<物=S.>is<V.>taught<p.p.=被動>to<介>us<人=O.>by Philip.

例2.莎莉買了台二手電腦給她弟弟.Sally bought a second-hand computer<物=O.=直受>for            her brother. <人=O.=間受>   èA second-hand computer<物=S.>was<V.>

                              bought<p.p.=被動>for<介>Sally’s brother by her.

Sally bought her brother<人=O.=間受> a second-hand computer. <物=O.=直受> 

èSally’s brother was<V.>bought<p.p.=被動> a second-hand computer by her.

 2.與格V.的受詞中,限用物<直受>,才可以做 P.V.的主詞者,有write(寫)/ carry(攜帶)/

pass(通過)/ sell(賣)/ sing(唱)/ do(做) …

例.我寫了封電子郵件給海倫.I wrote<與格V.>an e-mail<物=O.=直受>to Helen.<人=O.=間受>

èAn e-mail<物=S.>was<V.>written<p.p.=被動>to<介>Helen by me. (0)

I wrote<與格V.>Helen<人=O.=間受>an e-mail. <物=O.=直受>

èHelen<人=S.>was<V.>written<p.p.=被動>an e-mail by me. (x)

 3.與格V.的受詞中,限用人<間受>,才可以做 P.V.的主詞者,有answer(回答)/deny(否認)/

    refuse(拒絕)…

八. A.V.句中有不及V.(Vi.)+ 介(prep.)+ 受詞(O.),由A.V. è P.V.時,句中的prep.要保留

例1.詹姆士有空時,常聽收音機. James often listens<Vi.>to<介>the radio in his free        time.  èThe radio is<V.>often listened<p.p.=被動>to<介>by James when he’s free.

例2.阿嬤仔細地瞧著那些老照片.Grandma looked<V.>carefully at<介>the old pictures.

èThe old pictures were<V.>carefully looked<p.p.=被動>at<介>by Grandma.

例3.李大哥正好好地照顧他的女娃娃.Brother Li’s taking good care of his baby girl.

èBrother Li’s baby girl is<V.>being<現分=進行>taken<p.p.=被動>good care(x)/

care..of<介>(0)by him.