國三(上)文法 <關代4-3> 22-20
<續>三.關代的所有格,無論人/非人皆用whose;
也可寫成 ,the+部份+of+全部(which/whom),或 of+全部(which/whom)+the+部份
4. (a)Lily likes the shoes. (b)The
color of them is purple.
Lily likes the shoes[which(x)whose<關代=所有格+連>(0)color<S´.>is<Vi´.>purple.] è
Lily likes the shoes[of<介>which<關代=全部>the color<部份=S´.>is<Vi´.>purple.]è
Lily likes the shoes[,the color<部份=S´.>of which<關代=全部>is<Vi´.>purple.]
中譯:莉莉喜歡紫色的那雙鞋.
5. (a)
My car has 5 doors.
(b)Its windows are broken.
My car<S.>[whose<關代=所+連>windows<S´.>are<Vi´.>broken]has<Vt.>5 doors. è
My car<S.>[of which<關代=全部>the windows<部份=S´.>are<Vi´.>broken]has<Vt.>5 doors.è
My car[,the windows<部份=S´.>of which<關代=全部>are<Vi´.>broken]has 5 doors.
中譯:我那台窗戶破損的車有五個門.
6. (a)We
had dinner at the restaurant.
(b)Its decoration surprised us.
We<S.>had<Vt.>dinner
at the
restaurant<先>[whose<關代=所+連>decoration<S´.>
surprised<Vt´.>us.] èWe<S.>had<Vt.>dinner
at the
restaurant<先>[of which<關代=
全部>the decoration<部份=S´.>surprised<Vt´.>us.
] è We<S.>had<Vt.>dinner at the
restaurant<先>[,the decoration<部份=S´.>of which<關代=全部>surprised<Vt´.>us.
]
中譯:我們在那家裝潢令我們很驚訝的餐廳用過晚餐.
7. 我在放學途中遇到許多傢伙,其中有些是我朋友. I<S.>met<Vt.>many guys on my way from
School ,some<S´.>..of..them(x)/;some<S´.>..of..them(0)/,and<連>..some<S´.>..of..them(0)/
,some <部份=S´.>..of..whom<關代=全+連>(0)were<Vi´.>my
friends. è
I<S.>met<Vt.>many guys on my way from school[,some of them were my friends.]=<形片>
四. that與which的特殊用法
(1). 關代that代替主格的who /which,且不可省略;代替受格的whom /which,但通常省略.
(2). 關代的先行詞當中,包含人和非人時,關代限用that.
(a)I often see the old man and his dog . (b)They’re
walking around the lake.
I<S.>often see<Vt.>the..old..man..and..his..dog<先行詞=人+非人>[who(x)/which(x)/
that<關代=S´.>are<Vi´.>walking
around the
lake. ] 中譯:我常看見正在湖邊散步的老人與狗.
(3). 主要子句(主句)的開頭是疑問詞時,為避免形成雙重問句,關代限用that.
(a)Who’s
that slender girl? (b)She
wears long straight hair.
Who’s that<指形>slender girl[who(x)/that(0)<關代=S´.>wears<Vt´.>long
straight hair?]
(4).先行詞的前面有the+序數/最高級/very/same/only/last等修飾語時,關代限用that
例1.克里夫是我最不想見的人.Cliff is the last person[who(x)/that(0)I want to see.]
例2.妮可是尼克10歲時的初戀情人.Nicole
was the
first lover[who(x)/whom(x)/that(0)
Nick had
a crush
on at
ten.]
例3.弟狼是我認識最聰明的小孩.
Delan is the cleverest/smartest
kid[who(x)/whom(x)/that(0)I have ever known.]
例4.那正是我最喜歡的科幻片.That’s the very SiFi movie[which(x)/that(0)I enjoy most.]
例5.那正是我媽丟掉的錢包.That’s the smae purse[which(x)/as(x)/that(0)my mom dropped.]
例5.1 那和我爸遺失的車鑰匙一樣.That’s the same car key[that(x)/as(0)my dad lost.]
例6.那是已建最高的橋樑.That’s the highest bridge[which(x)/that(0)has been built.]
例6.1 他是跑抵終點線的唯一/第一個跑者.
He was the only/first one of the runners[who(x)/that(0)ran to the finish line.]
(5).先行詞的前面有no/each/every/any/all等修飾語;或以nothing/everything/anything/
something/all/much/little …代名詞做先行詞時,關代限用that.
例1.我們必須做點能夠拯救地球媽媽的事.
We must do something<先行詞>[which(x)/that(0)can save Mother Earth.]
例2.如果我們沒有做任何可以幫助那可憐小貓的事,它的小命就危險了. If we do ..nothing<先>/don’t ..do ..anything<先>[which(x)/that(0)may help the poor kitten],
its life will be in danger soon.
例3.科學家對防止天然災害發生,所知有限.Scientists
don’t ..know ..much<先>/know ..little<先>
[which(x)/that(0)can prevent natural
disasters from
happening.]
例4.任何努力工作的人都會成功.Any<形>..man<先>[who(x)/that(0)works hard]will succeed.
例5.只要有普通常識,沒有人會相信他的話.
No<形>..one<先>[who(x)/that(0)has common sense]can believe his words.
例6.你們現在該做的事就是好好想想未來. All<形> ..the ..things<先>[which(x)/that(0)you
have to do now]is to think carefully of
your future. è All<代=先>[which(x)/
that(0)you have to do now]is to think carefully of
your future. è
[What<O´.><
=複關代=all ..the ..things+that>you<S´.>have
to do<Vt´.>now]< =N.Cl.=S.>is<Vi.>
to think carefully
of your
future.
例7.你所需要的東西,我們都沒有.We
don’t ..have ..anything<先>/
have ..nothing<先>[which(x)/
that(0)you need.] èWe don’t have<Vt.>[what<
=複關代=先行詞+that>you need.]<=N.Cl.=O.>
例8.你有啥好玩的遊戲嗎? Do you have anything<先>fun[which(x)/that(0)we can play?]
èDo you have<Vt.>[what< =複關代=先行詞+that>fun we can play?]<N.Cl.=O.>
五.下列三種情況,不可用that做關代
狀況一: 介系詞的後面,不可用that
例1.我們目前住的房子是阿公的.
The house<S.>[which/that<關代=O´.>we’re<S´.+V´.>living
in<介>]is<Vi.>Grandpa’s.
èThe house<S.>[in<介>that(x)/which(0)we’re<S´.+V´.>living]is<Vi.>Grandpa’s.
例2.我們正在等的人是個導演.The man<S.=先>[who/whom/that<關代=O´.>we’re<S´.+V´.>waiting for<介>]is<Vi.>a director. èThe man[for<介>that(x)/whom(0)we’re waiting]is a director.
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