國二(上)文法 25-14 ans

                                   國二(上)文法                      25-14

一.  need(需要/必需)是及物動詞(及V.)後面可接 名/ 代(受格)/to V.(不定詞)

/Ving(動名詞)做受詞(O.).但須依主詞是 人(sb.)或 非人(事/物=sth.)而定.

need的主詞(S.)是: 1.人(sb.),後面接to V.(不定詞),做受詞(O.).

2.事/物(sth.)時,後面接Ving(動名詞)/to..be..p.p.(被動語態),做受詞(O.).

例1.安琪需要一些零食和汽水.

  Angel needed(及V.)some snacks(N.=O.)and pop soda.(N.=O.)

例2.你姊需要一台筆電嗎? (否定簡答)  Did your sister need a laptop?  è

  Needed(0)/ Need(x)your sister a laptop?

   No, she didn’t..need.(x)/didn’t..need..one.(0)/ didn’t.(0)

    No, she needed..not.(0)/need..not.(x)/needn’t.(x)

例3.那些可憐的流浪狗需要很多協助和照料.

  Those poor stray dogs need many(x)/much(0)help and care.

例4.愛倫(主人)該多喝點溫水.Ellen needs drinking(x)/to..drink(0)more warm water.

例5.蜜雪兒(主人)需要一些/需吃些感冒藥. Michelle needed some..cold..medicine. è

   Michelle needed taking(x)/to..take(0)some cold medicine.

例6.傑夫,你(主人)該洗洗你的球鞋了.

  You need washing(x)/to..wash(0)your sneakers ,Jeff.

 比較: 傑夫,你的球鞋(主物)該洗一洗了.

 Your sneakers need to..wash(x)/washing(0)/to..be..washed(0),Jeff.

例7.你(主人)該洗頭了. You need to..wash(0)/washing(x)your head.(x)/hair.(0)

比較: 你的頭(主物)該洗了.

Your hair need(x)/needs(0)to..wash(x)/washing.(0)/to..be..washed.(0)

二.  因為主詞是人(sb.)或事/物(sth.)不同,而動詞用法,隨之改變的及V.,還有表示

花費(金錢/時間/精力 …)意思的,如: spend/take/cost …,句型變化如下:

1.主詞是人(S.=sb.)花金錢/時間/精神…,

用 S.+ spend<金錢/時間/精神>+ on(介)+ 名/代(受格), 

    或 S.+ spend<金錢/時間/精神>+ Ving(動名詞)

2.  主詞是 事/物(S.=sth.)花時間/精神,用 S.+ take(+人)+時間/精力(+to V.)

  2.1 主詞是 事/物(S.=sth.)花金錢,用 S.+ cost(+人)+金額(+to V.)

3. 主詞是 真主詞(S.=to V./Ving),

 用 S.(=to V./Ving)take(+人)+時間/精神

 或 S.(=to V./Ving)cost(+人)+金額          ** cost的過去式與原V.同形.

3.1主詞是 虛主詞(S.=it),

用 S.(=It)take(+人)+時間/精神+ to V./Ving(真主詞)

或 S.(=It)cost(+人)+金額+ to V./Ving(真主詞)

例1.吳阿姨花了多少錢買副新眼鏡? (主人/主物/虛主/真主)   她花了五千元買了副新眼鏡.

 How much did Aunt Wu spend on/buying a new pair of glasses?  <主人>

 She spent $5,000 on/buying a new pair of glasses.

 How much did a new pair of glasses cost Aunt Wu?<主物=N.>

 A new pair of glasses cost Aunt Wu $5,000.

 How much did it cost Aunt Wu to..buy/buying a new pair of glasses? <虛主>

 It cost Aunt Wu $5,000 to..buy/buying a new pair of glasses. <虛主>

 To..buy/buying a new pair of glasses cost Aunt Wu $5,000.    <真主>

例2.租一部轎車花我們多少錢? (主人/虛主/真主)     租台車要花我們一天$3,500.

 How much did we spend on(x)/renting(0)a car?   <主人>

  We spent $3,500 on(x)/renting(0)a car.

 How much did it cost us to..rent/renting a car?    <虛主> 

 It cost us $3,500 a day to..rent/renting a car.    <虛主>

 To..rent/ Renting a car cost us $3,500 a day.      <真主>

例3.莉莉花了多久才拿到免費的票? (主人/虛主/真主)    莉莎花了五個小時才拿到免費的票.

 How long did Lily spend on(x)/getting(0)the free tickets? <主人>

 Lily spent 5 hours on(x)/getting(0)the free tickets.

 How long did the free tickets take Lily to..get?(0)/getting? (x) <主物>

 The free tickets took Lily 5 hours to get.

 How long did it spend(x)/take(0)Lily to..get/getting the free tickets? <虛主>

It took Lily 5 hours to..get/getting the free tickets.    <虛主>

To..get/Getting the free tickets took Lily 5 hours.       <真主>

例4.他們花了幾個星期來解決這困難. (主人/主物/虛主/真主)

 They spent several weeks on(0)/to..solve(x)/sloving(0)the problem. <主人>

 The problem took them several weeks to..solve (0)/ solving.(x)     <主物>

 It took them several weeks to..solve(0)/solving(0)the problem.     <虛主>

 To..solve(0)/ Solving(0)the problem took them several weeks.     <真主>

例5.開車回宜蘭通常需要多久? (虛主)       需要一個半小時./一個多小時.

 How long/much..time does it often take to..drive/driving back to Ilan?

 It often takes one..and..half..an..hour/ more..than..an..hour

 to..drive/driving back to Ilan. 

例6.你弟一天花多少時間上網?

How long/much..time does your brother spend on/surfing the Net a day?

很多. Very many.(x)/ much.(0)          很少. Very few.(x)/ little.(0)

例7.爬上那座高山將耗費他們大量的體力. To..climb/ Climbing up the high mountain          

will spend(x)/cost(x)/take(0)them lots..of/much energy.