國二(上)文法 25-13
一. help
(幫助)有兩個詞性,三種用法:
1. help
是 一般V.(及V.)+受詞+to V.+O.或help(及V.)+受詞+with(介)+O.
2. help
是 使役V.(及V.)+受詞+原V.+ O.或help(及V.)+受詞+with(介)+O.
3. help是 名詞(N.=S./O.) 4.help是 不及V.(Vi.)
例1.史黛西常幫她媽做家事嗎? Does Stacy often
help(一般V.=及V.)her mom(O.)to..do/with the homework?
help(使役V.=及V.)her mom(O.)do/with the homework?
例2.芬妮昨天幫我們清理廚房. Fanny helped(及V.)us(O.)
to..clean..up/ clean..up/ with the kitchen yesterday.
例3.咱們來幫他搞定吧. Let’s(使役V.)help(原V.=及V.)him(O.)out.
例4.丹尼很少向他父母求助. Danny seldom asks(及V.)
help(N.=O.)..of..his..parents / his..parents..for..help.(N.=O.)
例5.救命啊! 那間百貨公司失火了.
Help(不及V.)! That department
store is
on fire.
二.need(需要/必需=及V.)的用法
1.need當做一般V.時,需靠助V.(do/does/did/may/will …),
才能形成 問句/否定句/否問句/簡答句/省略句等,五種句型變化.
2.need當做語助V.時,不用靠其他助V.即可造五種句型.但在 簡答/省略 時,只能
用於否定的句子; 和 can/may/will一樣,無單三式(字尾 不+s).
*** need 後面接名/代(受格)做受詞時,在簡答句/省略句中,名/代 不可省略.
need後面接不定詞(to
V.)做受詞時,在簡答句/省略句中,to
V. 不能省略.
例1.馬克需要在下午五點前交出作業. (need = 一般V.)
Mark needed(一般V.)to hand in the homework by 5:00 p.m.
問句: Did Mark need to hand in the homework by 5:00 p.m.?
否定: Mark did not need to hand in the homework
by 5:00
p.m.
Mark
didn’t need to hand in the homework
by 5:00
p.m.
否問: Did Mark not need to hand in the homework
by 5:00
p.m.?
Didn’t Mark need to hand in the homework
by 5:00
p.m.?
簡答: Yes, he needed.
(x)/ needed..to.
(0)/ did. (0)
No,
he needed..not. (語助V.) (0)/ needed..not..to. (x)/
didn’t.
(0)
省略: 馬克需要在下午五點前交出作業,而你也是. /,但瑪莉不必.
Mark needed to hand in the homework
by 5:00
p.m.
,and you needed(x)/did(0) ,too. /
,but Mary needed..not. (語助V.) (0)/ needed..not..to.
(x)/ didn’t. (0)
例2.雪莉需要更常地練習. (need = 語助v.)
Sherry
needs(一般V.)practicing(x)/ to..practice(0)more
often.
問句: Needs (x)/ Need(0)Sherry
to..practice (x)/
practice(0)more
often?
否定: Sherry
needs..not(x)/need..not(0)practice
more often.
否問: Need
Sherry not
practice more
often?
Needn’t Sherry practice
more often?
簡答: Yes, she need.(x)/
does.(0)
No,
she needs..not.(x)/ need..not.(0)/ needn’t.(0)
省略: 雪莉不需要更常地練習,而仙蒂也一樣. /,但辛蒂要.
Sherry need..not /needn’t practice
more often.
,and Sandy need(x)/needn’t(0),too.(x)/,either.(0)
,but Cindy need.(x)/needs.(x)/does.(0)
例3.老爹需要一些紅茶.
(need兩種用法) Dad needs some black tea.
問句: Does Dad need some black tea? / Need Dad need some black tea?
否定: Dad
does..not/doesn’t need some black tea.
Dad need..not /needn’t some black tea.
否問: Does..Dad..not / Doesn’t..Dad need some black tea?
Need..Dad..not / Needn’t..Dad some black tea?
簡答: Yes, he needs.
(x)/ needs..it. (0)/ does. (0)
No,
he doesn’t..need.
(x)/ doesn’t..need..it.
(0)/ doesn’t.
(0)/needn’t.
(0)
省略: 老爹不需要紅茶,老媽也是. / ,但我要.
Dad doesn’t..need/needn’t any black tea
,and Mom does(x)/needs(x)/doesn’t(0)/needn’t(0),too.(x)/,either.
(0)
,but I need.(x)/ need..it.(0)/ need..some.(0)/ do.(0)
三.have/has to+原V.,也有需要/必需的意思,屬一般V.,要用助V.才能做句型變化.
例.我阿公需要打流感疫苗了.
My grandpa
has to
get an
injection for
flu.
問句: Has(x)/Does(0)your grandpa
have to
get an
injection for
flu?
否定: My grandpa doesn’t have to get an injection for
flu.
否問: Doesn’t my grandpa have to get an injection for
flu?
簡答: Yes, he has.(x)/ has..to.(0)/ does.(0)
No, he doesn’t..have.(x)/
doesn’t..have..to.(0)/
doesn’t.(0)
省略: 我阿公需要打流感疫苗了,你的也要.
//,但他的不必.
My grandpa has to get an injection
for flu
,and yours does..,too. /has..to. /,but his doesn’t..have..to /
doesn’t.
沒有留言:
張貼留言