國二(上)文法 25-13 ans

                                 國二(上)文法                   25-13

一.  help (幫助)有兩個詞性,三種用法:

1.  help 是 一般V.(及V.)+受詞+to V.+O.或help(及V.)+受詞+with(介)+O.

2.  help 是 使役V.(及V.)+受詞+原V.+ O.或help(及V.)+受詞+with(介)+O.

3.  help是 名詞(N.=S./O.)   4.help是 不及V.(Vi.)

例1.史黛西常幫她媽做家事嗎?   Does Stacy often

   help(一般V.=及V.)her mom(O.)to..do/with the homework?

   help(使役V.=及V.)her mom(O.)do/with the homework?

例2.芬妮昨天幫我們清理廚房. Fanny helped(及V.)us(O.)

   to..clean..up/ clean..up/ with the kitchen yesterday.

例3.咱們來幫他搞定吧. Let’s(使役V.)help(原V.=及V.)him(O.)out.

例4.丹尼很少向他父母求助. Danny seldom asks(及V.)

   help(N.=O.)..of..his..parents / his..parents..for..help.(N.=O.)

例5.救命啊! 那間百貨公司失火了.

   Help(不及V.)! That department store is on fire.

二.need(需要/必需=及V.)的用法

 1.need當做一般V.時,需靠助V.(do/does/did/may/will …),

   才能形成 問句/否定句/否問句/簡答句/省略句等,五種句型變化.

2.need當做語助V.時,不用靠其他助V.即可造五種句型.但在 簡答/省略 ­時,只能

  用於否定的句子; 和 can/may/will一樣,無單三式(字尾 不+s).

*** need 後面接名/代(受格)做受詞時,在簡答句/省略句中,名/代 不可省略.

 need後面接不定詞(to V.)做受詞時,在簡答句/省略句中,to V. 不能省略.

例1.馬克需要在下午五點前交出作業. (need = 一般V.)

  Mark needed(一般V.)to hand in the homework by 5:00 p.m.

問句: Did Mark need to hand in the homework by 5:00 p.m.?

否定: Mark did not need to hand in the homework by 5:00 p.m.

      Mark didn’t need to hand in the homework by 5:00 p.m.

否問: Did Mark not need to hand in the homework by 5:00 p.m.?

      Didn’t Mark need to hand in the homework by 5:00 p.m.?

簡答: Yes, he needed. (x)/ needed..to. (0)/ did. (0)

      No, he needed..not. (語助V.) (0)/ needed..not..to. (x)/ didn’t. (0)

省略: 馬克需要在下午五點前交出作業,而你也是.  /,但瑪莉不必.

  Mark needed to hand in the homework by 5:00 p.m.

  ,and you needed(x)/did(0) ,too.    /

  ,but Mary needed..not. (語助V.) (0)/ needed..not..to. (x)/ didn’t. (0)

例2.雪莉需要更常地練習. (need = 語助v.)

   Sherry needs(一般V.)practicing(x)/ to..practice(0)more often.

問句: Needs (x)/ Need(0)Sherry to..practice (x)/ practice(0)more often?

否定: Sherry needs..not(x)/need..not(0)practice more often.

否問: Need Sherry not practice more often?

      Needn’t Sherry practice more often?

簡答: Yes, she need.(x)/ does.(0)

      No, she needs..not.(x)/ need..not.(0)/ needn’t.(0)

省略: 雪莉不需要更常地練習,而仙蒂也一樣.  /,但辛蒂要.

   Sherry need..not /needn’t practice more often.

   ,and Sandy need(x)/needn’t(0),too.(x)/,either.(0)

   ,but Cindy need.(x)/needs.(x)/does.(0)

例3.老爹需要一些紅茶. (need兩種用法)  Dad needs some black tea.

問句: Does Dad need some black tea?  /  Need Dad need some black tea?

否定: Dad does..not/doesn’t need some black tea.

      Dad need..not /needn’t some black tea.

否問: Does..Dad..not / Doesn’t..Dad need some black tea?

      Need..Dad..not / Needn’t..Dad some black tea?

簡答: Yes, he needs. (x)/ needs..it. (0)/ does. (0)

      No, he doesn’t..need. (x)/ doesn’t..need..it. (0)/ doesn’t. (0)/needn’t. (0)

省略: 老爹不需要紅茶,老媽也是.  / ,但我要.

  Dad doesn’t..need/needn’t any black tea

  ,and Mom does(x)/needs(x)/doesn’t(0)/needn’t(0),too.(x)/,either. (0)

  ,but I need.(x)/ need..it.(0)/ need..some.(0)/ do.(0)

三.have/has to+原V.,也有需要/必需的意思,屬一般V.,要用助V.才能做句型變化.

例.我阿公需要打流感疫苗了.

My grandpa has to get an injection for flu.

問句: Has(x)/Does(0)your grandpa have to get an injection for flu?

否定: My grandpa doesn’t have to get an injection for flu.

否問: Doesn’t my grandpa have to get an injection for flu?

簡答: Yes, he has.(x)/ has..to.(0)/ does.(0)

     No, he doesn’t..have.(x)/ doesn’t..have..to.(0)/ doesn’t.(0)

省略: 我阿公需要打流感疫苗了,你的也要.   //,但他的不必.

My grandpa has to get an injection for flu

,and  yours does..,too. /has..to.   /,but his doesn’t..have..to / doesn’t.