國三(上)文法 22-13 ans

                             國三(上)文法                  22-13

(I) 1.主要子句為do you think開頭,合併句子時,間接問句的疑問詞要移到句首

    2.主要子句中有say/guess,合併句子時,間接問句的疑問詞,不一定要移到句首,

但意思不同  <續名詞子句4-2>

例3.  Did he say where he was going? 肯/否簡答.

 中文:他有說他要去哪裡嗎?      Yes, he did. <肯定簡答>  No, he didin’t.<否定簡答>

例3.1 Where did he say he was going ? To the parade.

 中文: 他說他要去哪兒?            去遊行

例4.Can you guess how much it is ?   肯/否簡答

 中文:你能猜的出來這多少錢嗎?  Yes, I can. <肯定簡答>  No, I can’t.<否定簡答>

例4.1 How much can you guess it is ?  NT$250.

 中文:你猜這多少錢呢?                NT$250.

*** 名詞子句 <4-3> ***

(J)名詞片語

由wh-引導的間接問句(名詞子句)的S./O.,若和主要子句的S./O.相同時,常簡化成

wh- + toV的不定詞片語,又稱為名詞片語(n.phr.=名片)(∵不定詞具有名詞的詞性).

例1.我們可以自己決定[該做什麼]/[該怎麼做]嗎? (直接問句) Can we decide<Vt.>on our own

what..we..should..do..it?[名詞子句=n.cl.=O.] èwhat..to..do..it?[不定片=名片=O.]

how..we..should..do..it?[名詞子句=n.cl.=O.] èhow..to..do..it?[不定片=名片=O.]

例2.你能告訴我們[能做啥]/[怎麼做]嗎? (整句為直接問句) Can you tell<與格V.>us<O₂>

what..we..can..do..it?[名詞子句=n.cl.=O₁] èwhat..to..do..it?[不定片=名片= O₁]

how..we..can..do..it?[名詞子句=n.cl.=O₁] èhow..to..do..it?[不定片=名片= O₁]

例3.每個人都很好奇[誰中了大樂透]. (整句為肯定直述句) Everybody’s wondering<Vt.>

who..the..grand..lottery..went..to.[n.cl.=O.] (0)  èwho..to..go.(x)

who..won..the..grand..lottery.[n.cl.=O.](0)  èwho..to..win..the..grand..lottery.[O.](0)

例4.讓我來告訴你[該先見誰].(整句為肯定祈使句) Let me tell<與格V.>you<O₂>

who..you..should..meet..first.[間接問句=n.cl.=O₁] è who..to..meet..first.[不定片=名片=O₁]

例5.吉娜知道[何時去機場]嗎? (整句為直接問句)

Does Gina know<Vt.> when..she..needs..to..go..to..the..airport?[間接問句=n.cl.=O.]

when..to..go..to..the..airport? [不定片=名片=O.]

例6.請讓他來告訴我們[如何到故宮].(整句為肯定祈使句) Please let him tell<與格V.>us<O₂>

how..we..can..get..to..the..Palace..Museum.[間接問句=n.cl.=O₁]  

 how..to..get..to..the..Palace..Museum.[不定片=名片=O₁]

例7.莎莉不解[為何她要留下來考試].(整句為否定直述句) Sally didn’t understand<Vt.>

why..she..needed..to..stay..for..the..test. [間接問句=n.cl.=O.]

why..to..stay..for..the..test. [不定片=名片=O.]

例8.麥克不懂[為何老媽要減肥].(整句為否定直述句) Mike doesn’t understand<Vt.>

why..Mom<S´.>..wants..to..lose..weight. (0)  èwhy..to..lose..weight. (x)(∵主詞不同)

例9.我們正在想[為何/ 何時/ 何地/ 如何 借到戲服].We are wondering<Vt.>why/when/

where/how  we..can/to borrow the costumes.

** 複習:名詞子句(noun clause=n.cl.),既為從屬子句(從子句),句首必有連接詞引導,有下列三種:

1.以that開頭的n.cl. 2.以疑問詞(wh-)開頭的n.cl. 3.以whether/if(表示是否)開頭的n.cl.

  三. 以whether/if引導的名詞子句(n.cl.),都有是否的意思,但if不能和or not連用,

而or not與whether連用時,可置於whether的後面或句尾; or not也通常省略.

** 先合併下列句子:

 A:瑪莉蹺家了嗎? (整句為沒有 疑問詞的直接問句) Did Mary run away from home?

B:我不知道這回事.(整句為否定直述句) I don’t know about<介>it. <O.>

 B+A: 我不知道[瑪莉是否蹺家了]. (整句為否定直述句)

I don’t know about<介>[whether(or not)Mary ran away from home(or not)].<O.>

è I don’t know about<介>[if(or not)Mary ran away from home(or not)].<O.>

例1.你知道[明天會是陰雨天嗎]? (整句為直接問句) Do you know<Vt.>[whether(or not)

tomorrow will be cloudy and rainy(or not)]<O.>?    èDo you know if(or not)

tomorrow will be cloudy and rainy(or not)]<O.>?

例2.誰能告訴我[史密斯夫婦是否來過]? (整句為直接問句) Who can tell me[whether(or not)

Mr. and Mrs. Smith<S´.>came<V´.>(or not)]<O.>?    è Who can tell me[if(or not)

Mr. and Mrs. Smith<S´.>came<V´.>(or not)]<O.>?

*** 下列幾種情形,不能用if代替whether

1.whether引導的名詞子句,做S./O.,且置於句首時,不能用if代替.

例1.[你們嬴否],對我而言沒啥關係.It doesn’t matter<Vi.>to me[whether you win or

lose/ not.]    èIt doesn’t matter<Vi.>to me[if you win or not.(x)/lose.(0)]

è[Whether(0)/ If(x)you win(or not/ lose)]<n.cl.=S.>doesn’t matter<Vi.>to me.

例2.我們懷疑[南茜是否有孕了]. We doubt<Vt.>[whether Nancy has a baby(or not).]

èWe doubt<Vt.>[if Nancy has a baby or not.]

è[Whether(0)/ If(x)Nancy has a baby(or not)]<n.cl.=O.>we<S.>doubt.<Vt.>

2.whether引導的名詞子句,做主詞補語(S.C.)時,不能用if代替.

例1.問題在於[你身上的錢夠不夠].   The question<S.>is<不完全不及V.>

[whether(or not)(0)/if(x)you have enough money with you(or not).]<n.cl.=S.C.>.

例2.重點在於[有沒有人願意捐錢]. The point<S.>is<不完全不及V.>

[whether(or not)(0)/if(x)anyone will give away their money(or not).]<n.cl.=S.C.>.

3.whether引導的名詞子句,做介系詞的受詞時,不能用if代替.

例1.這就要看[天氣的好壞]決定了.

It depends<Vi.>on<介>[whether(0)/ if(x)the wheather is fine(or not).]<n.cl.=O.>.