2015年11月29日 星期日

國三(上)文法 22-14 ans

                                      國三()文法                   22-14
** 複習:名詞子句(noun clause=n.cl.),既為從屬子句(從屬句),句首必有連接詞引導,有下列三種:
1.that開頭的n.cl. 2.疑問詞(wh-)開頭的n.cl. 3.whether/if(表示是否)開頭的n.cl.
  whether/if引導的名詞子句(n.cl.),都有是否的意思,if不能和or not連用,
or notwhether連用時,可置於whether後面句尾; or not也通常省略
*** 下列幾種情形,不能用if代替whether
1.whether引導的名詞子句,S./O.,且置於句首,不能if代替.
2.whether引導的名詞子句,主詞補語(S.C.),不能if代替.
3.whether引導的名詞子句,介系詞受詞,不能if代替.
*** 名詞子句(4-4) ***
由引導的名詞子句(n.cl.),S./O.主要子句(主句)重覆時,也可以簡化為
whether toV.不定詞片語(不定片),或稱為名詞片語(n.phr.),不能if代替whether.
1.我們還沒決定要留下或走人. We have not decided<Vt.>
  whether we should stay(or not/leave).   è whether to stay(or not/leave).
  if we should stay(or not/leave).(0)     è if to stay or not/leave. (x)
2.哈利猶豫要不要約會莎莉. Harry is hesitating<Vt.>
  whether he can date Sally(or not).  è whether to date Sally(or not).
  if he can date Sally(or not).(0)    è if to date Sally or not. (x)
** if如果解釋時,引導的子句是用來表示條件,故稱為條件子句,屬於副詞性質,
又稱為副詞子句;條件子句,動詞以現在簡單式代替未來簡單式.
1.如果克拉克待會而進來[條件句],告訴他我在等他回叩[n.cl.]. [If<如果>Clark<S.=單三>
   will..come(x)/comes(0)in later],tell him[(that)Im waiting for his call.]
2.如果丹尼爾這次數學及格[條件句],我們會給他掌聲鼓勵[主要子句].
[If<如果>Daniel<S.=單三>will..pass(x)/passes(0)the math test this time]
,we will..give(0)/give(x)him a big hand.
3. 如果下週末天氣變壞[條件句],瑪莉就不去露營了. Mary wont..go(0)/doesnt..go(x)
camping[if<假如>the weather<單三>will..get(x)/gets(0)worse next weekend.]
比較:1.你猜李小姐會和她的網友分手嗎[n.cl.=O.]? (會不會和她的網友分手? ) Do you guess<Vt.>
 [whether/if<是否>Miss Li<S.=單三>will..break(0)/breaks(x)up with her Net pal]?
2.李小姐是否(會不會)和她男友分手[n.cl.=S.],決定在第三者.
[Whether(0)/If(x)Miss Li will..break(x)/breaks(0)up with her boyfriend]
<n.cl.=S.>depends<Vi.>on the third person.
 *名詞子句(表是否)句首,不能if代替whether;句中的動詞用現簡式代替未簡式,
此用法與條件子句類似.
**** tooenough的用法
too+ /(for sb.)+toV.= not+ /enough(for sb.)+toV.,表示…,  不能
1.山姆太胖而無法跳高. Sam is too..heavy<>to do the high jump. 
   èSam is not..thin<>..enough<>[to do the high jump]<不定片=修飾enough>
   èSam<S.>is<V.>so..heavy<>..that<>he<S´.>cant do<V´.>the high jump.
2.湯姆太睏而張不開眼. Tom was too..sleepy<>[to open his eyes].<不定片=>
èTom<S.>was<V.>so..sleepy<>..that<>he<S´.>couldnt open<V´.>his eyes.
3.你還太小,不能抽煙喝酒.You are too..young<>[to smoke or drink].<不定片=>
è You are not..old<>..enough<>[to smoke or drink].<不定片=修飾enough>
  è You<S.>are<V.>so..young<>..that<>you<S´.>cant smoke<V´.>or drink <V´.>
4.這岩石太大,搬不動. The rock is too..big<>for me[to move it]<不定片=>
èThe rock<S.>is<V.>so..big<>..[that<>I<S´.>cant move<V´.>it].<副子句修飾so>
5.這條河太危險,不能游過去.The river is too..dangerous(for people)to cross it.
èThe river<S.>is<V.>so..dangerous..[that<>people<S´.>cant cross<V´.>it].<副子句修飾so>
6.太窮,買不起iPhone.I am too..poor<>[to buy an iPhone].<不定片=修飾too>
èI<S.>am<V.>so..poor..[that<>I<S´.>cant buy<V´.>an iPhone].<不定片=修飾so>
7.那老外講話太快,我聽不懂.That foreigner spoke too..fast<>for me to catch her.
èThat foreigner spoke so..fast..[that<>I<S´.>cant catch<V´.>her].<副子句修飾so>
比較: 1.闖紅燈太危險了.To ..run<toV.=N.=S.=真主詞>/ Running<動名=N.=真主詞>through a
red light is too dangerous. èIt<虛主詞>is too dangerous to..run<toV.=N.=真主詞>/      runnimg<動名=N.=真主詞>through a red light.
2.這麼冷的天氣要早起真的很難. To ..get<toV.=N.=S.=真主詞>/ Gettimg<動名=N.=真主詞>up
early in this cold weather is too hard.            èIt<虛主詞>is too hard
to ..get<toV.=N.=S.=真主詞>/gettimg<動名=N.=真主詞>up early in this cold weather.
***** so/such表示如此以致於的用法
  so()+ /+ [that+S.+V.]<副詞子句修飾so>
  so()+ + a/an+ 單名+ [that+S.+V.]<副詞子句修飾so>
such()+ a/an+ + 單名+ [that+S.+V.]<副詞子句修飾such>
such()+ + pl./ 不可數N.+ [that+S.+V.]<副詞子句修飾such>
1.海水如此清澈,以至於我們可以看見各式各樣的魚兒.
The sea water was so..<>..clear..<>..that we could see all kinds of fish.
2.那飛碟移動得真快,以至於看不清楚.That UFO moved too fast to see clearly.
èThat UFO moved so..<>..fast..<>..that people couldnt see it clearly.
3.凱茜(單名)是很好的科學家,我們都想認識她. Cathy<S.>is<V.>so<>..nice<>..a /
such<>..a..nice<>scientist that<>we<S´.>all like<V´.>to know her.
4.他們(pl.)是惡劣的傢伙,我們不喜歡他們.They are so(x)/such(0)mean guys that we

dislike them.     5.天氣(不可數N.)太棒了,很多人去台北國際花博. It was so(x)/such(0)  great weather that many people went to Taipei Intl Flora Expo. (Exposition)

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