國一(上)文法 25-16 ans

                       國一(上)文法                 25-16

一. 表示 請求,命令,禁止,勸告的句子,稱為祈使句,有肯定和否定兩種.

1.主詞(S.)是第二人稱(you)時, 通常省略.

2.句中的動詞(V.)要用原形(原V.).

3.為表示客氣/禮貌,可在句首或句尾+please(請).

4.稱呼語在句首時,後面+，

稱呼語在句尾時,前面+，

please在句首時,後面 不+，

please在句尾時,前面+，

5.當稱呼語與please在同一句時,稱呼語 永遠在句首或句尾

二.祈使句的練習

 1. 坐下. Sit down.

1.1. 請坐下.Please sit down.   /   Sit down ,please.

1.2  同學們, 請起立.

 Students, please stand up.(0)  /  Students, stand up ,please.(0)

 Please stand up ,students.(0)  /  Stand up ,please ,students.(x)

2. 同學們,請安靜.

 Class, please be quiet.(0)  /   Class, be quiet ,please.(0)

 Please be quiet ,class.(0)  /   Be quiet ,please ,class.(x)

3. 亞力克斯,要做個乖孩子.

 Alex, be a good kid/boy.     =    Be a good kid/boy ,Alex.

4. 瑪莉,別做壞孩子.(否定祈使句)

 Mary, don’t be a bad girl.    =    Don’t be a bad girl ,Mary.

5. 胖子,別在教室裡搗蛋. (否定祈使句)

 Fatty, don’t monkey around in the classroom.

 Don’t monkey around in the classroom ,Fatty.

6. 賈伯斯,請許個願.

 Jobs, please make a wish.(0)   /   Jobs, make a wish ,please.(0)

 Please make a wish ,Jobs.(0)   /   Make a wish ,please ,Jobs.(x)

7. 莎莉,請把蠟燭吹熄.

 Sally, please blow out the candles.(0)

 Sally, blow out the candles ,please.(0)

 Please blow out the candles ,Sally.(0)

 Blow out the candles ,please ,Sally.(x)

8. 羅伯,不要在此吸菸. (否祈)

 Rober, don’t smoke here.    =    Don’t smoke here ,Rober.

9. 老媽,請別生我的氣. (否祈)

 Mom, please don’t be angry with me.(0)

 Mom, don’t be angry with me ,please.(0)

 Please don’t be angry with me ,Mom.(0)

 Don’t be angry with me ,please ,Mom.(x)

10. 茱莉,請幫我個忙.

 Julie, please give me a hand.(0)

 Julie, give me a hand ,please.(0)

 Please give a hand ,Julie.(0)

 Give me a hand ,please ,Julie.(x)

三.請問或請求對方的禮貌性用語.

   句型: Would you please+原V.........+？

1.  請你把生日禮物打開好嗎? Would you please open the birthday gift?

2.  請你把燈打開好嗎? Would you please open(x)/turn..on(0)the light?

3.  請(你)把電視關掉好嗎? Would you please close(x)/turn..off(0)the TV?

4.  請(你)把窗戶關上好嗎? Would you please close(0)/turn..off(x) window?

5.請(你們)給她熱烈的掌聲好嗎? Would you please give her a big hand?

6.請(你們)張開/閉上你們的大嘴巴好嗎?

 Would you please open/close your big mouth?

7.請你切生日蛋糕好嗎? Would you please cut the birthday cake?

8.請你把廻紋針撿起來好嗎? Would you please pick up the paper clips?

9.梅,請你閉嘴好嗎? Would you please shut up(your mouth),May?

10.美樂蒂,請把收音機轉大/小聲點好嗎?

Would you please turn up/down the radio ,Melody?

11.馬克斯,請勿移動那個箱子好嗎?

 Max, would you please not move that box?

Would you please not move that box ,Max?

12.請勿插隊好嗎? Would you please not cut in?

四.this/that/these/those的後面 沒接名詞時,屬於指示代名詞(指代)

 可以做句子的主詞(S.)或受詞(O.)   

this/that/these/those的後面 有接名詞時,屬於指示形容詞(指形)

則不能做主詞/受詞,但都可以用the(定冠詞)代替.

**冠詞(a/an/the),所有格(my,her,Tom’s...)與指形,不可連用

1.  你這塊擦布很酷.

Your..this(x)eraser is cool.

This..eraser..of..yours(0)is cool.

2.這是她的原子筆. The(x)/This(0)is her ballpoint pen.

3.這些是我們的錶. The(x)/Those(0)are our watches.

4.那些箱子是他們的,不是她的.The/Those boxes are theirs ,not hers.

5.那是老鼠,不是玩具.The(x)/That(0)is a mouse, not a toy.

6.那些是孤狸,不是老鼠.The(x)/Those(0)are foxes, not mice.

7.這些人是生意人.

The/These peoples(x)/people(0)are businessmans(x)/businessmen.(0)

8.那些小孩很安靜,不會吵.The/Those children are quiet ,not naughty.