2015年7月17日 星期五

國三(上)文法 22-3 ans

                                  國三()文法                      22-3
一.  現在完成式用法,易混淆的情形
1.  表示: 曾經去過地方 (目前人在本地) have/has been to
2.  表示: 已經去地方了 (目前人不在本地) have/has gone to
3.  表示: 已經在地方了 (目前人在當地) have/has been/stayed at/in
1.辛蒂去過美國.(目前人不在美) Cindy has..been..to / was..in / stayed..in /
went..to America. / the..States.
2.凱蒂已經在加拿大了. (目前人在加) Kitty has..been..in / has..stayed..in /
has..gone..to / is..in Canada.
3.我阿姨已經去花蓮.(目前人在花) My aunt has..been..to(x)/ has..been..in(0)/
has..stayed..in(0)/ has..gone..to(0)Hualien.
4.雪莉去過大陸幾回了. (目前人不在陸) Shirley has..been..in(x) / has..gone..to(x) has..stayed..in(x) / has..been..to(0)Mainland for several times.
            è Shirley was/ stayed in Mainland for several times.
5.我爸在大陸待兩個月了.(目前人在陸) My dad has..been..to(x) / has..been..in(0)/ has..stayed..in(0)/ has..gone..to(0)Mainland for two months.
          è Its/ Its..been two months since my dad went to Mainland.
6.我阿伯在日本待過兩年.(目前人不在日)My uncle has..gone..to(x) /has..been..in(x)/
has..stayed..in(x) / has..been..to(0)Japan for two years.
       è My uncle was/ stayed in Japan for two years.
7.曾經去過墾丁. (目前人不在丁) I have..been..in(x) /have..gone..to(x)/
have..stayed..in(x) / have..been..to (0)Kenting.
è I went..to /was..in / stayed..in Kenting(once).
8.去過台南? (/否簡答)Have you ever gone..to(x)/stayed..in(x)/been..in(x)/
been..to(0)Tainan?       Yes, I do. (x)/ have. (0)     No, never.
è Do/ Did you ever go to Tainan?      Yes, I do. / did.     No, never.
9.A:你人在哪兒?(電話中) B:我在體育館. A: Where are you?  B: Im in the gym.
è A: Where have you gone?     B: Ive gone to the gym.
9.1  A:你剛剛在哪兒? (面對面)       B:我在圖書館. (目前人不在館)
A: Where were you?           B: I was at the library.
è A: Where have you been?      B: Ive..been..to / I..was..at the library.
二.  附加問句: (Tag Question),又稱為 反問句.置於句尾+?,主要子句隔開,並以           肯定/否定 問句的形式呈現,表示//可以 ?不是/不在/不可以 ?的意思.
藉由附加問句的學習,有助於複習在不同時式情況下,肯定/否定 問句的句型.
三.  附加問句構成的條件
1.  語意要和主要子句 相反.即前者(主要子句)肯定,後者(附加問句)必須是否定;  
反之,若前者(主要子句)否定,後者(附加問句)必須是肯定.
2.  主詞(S.)限用人稱代名詞(人代),主要子句,there預備主詞= ,仍用there.
***代替anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody/nobody/none/no..one,they.
***代替/物的anything/everything/nothing/to V.(不定詞)/Ving(動名詞),it.
 3. 否定的附加問句中,not要和V-be/V./語助V.縮寫.
 4. 附加問句的時式,要和主要子句時式 一致
 5. 主要子句V-be(am/are/is/was/were),附加問句 也用 V-be
 6. 主要子句一般V.,附加問句要用V.(do/does/did)
 7. 主要子句語助V.,附加問句 也用 語助V.(can/will/may/could/would …)
. 語助v. + not 的縮寫式和語調
 1.將不 will not=wont è 主句(S.+語助V.+V.),will you? (是吧?)/,wont you? (不會吧?)
 2.不應該 should not=shouldnt   3.不需要 need not=neednt   4.不准 must not
   =mustnt   5.不可以 may not=maynt  6.也許不 might not=mightnt
 7.不會/不能/不可能 can not=cant ; could not=couldnt
. 注意下列本身已有否定意義的//不定代/
 1.few(很少)</不定代>  2.little(很少)</不定代>  3.none(沒有)<不定代>
4.no(沒有)<>  5.nobody(沒有人)<pron.>  6.nothing(沒有 /)<pron.>            7.never(不曾)<>  8.seldom(很少)<>  9.hardly/scarcely(幾乎不)<>…
. 主要子句(主句),V-be附加問句    **下列句中<+>表肯定,<->表否定
1.這湯很辣,不是嗎This soup is<+>spicy, isnt it?
2.那一點兒也不酷,是嗎Thats not<->cool at all, is it?
3.我是你們的新鄰居,不對嗎? Im<+>your new neighbor, am..I..not?  / arent..I?
4.我以前是你的同學,不是嗎? I was<+>your classmate, wasnt I?
5.多年前我不是魔術師,對嗎? I wasnt<->a magician years ago, was I?
6.那是丹尼斯的運動鞋,不是嗎? Those are<+>Dennis sneakers, arent they?
7.那些水果很新鮮,不是嗎? The fruit is<+>very fresh, isnt it?    8.這些蔬菜不是我的,對嗎? The vegetables arent<->mine, are they?     9.富蘭克的女友是
莉莉,不對嗎? Franks girlfriend was<+>Lily, wasnt she?   10.屋頂有隻潑猴,
沒有嗎? Theres<+>a naughty monkey on the roof, isnt there?   11.今晚電視上有些好影片,不是嗎? There are<+>some good movies on TV tonight, arent there?
12.茱莉的碗裡沒有米粉炒了,有嗎? There are no<->fried rice noodles in Julies         bowl, are there?   13.這些數位相機是日製的,不對嗎? These digital cameras were<+>   made in Japan, werent they?   14.那些不是我的,是嗎? Those arent mine, are they?
15.妮娜對那個消息很驚訝,不是嗎? Nina was<+>surprised at that news, wasnt she?
16.快下雨了,沒有嗎? Its<+>going to rain, isnt it?  17.去法國旅行很有趣,

不是嗎? To..take/ Taking a trip to France is<+>fun, isnt it?                 <待續>

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