國三(上)文法 22-2
一. have/has
與名詞’s的用法區別
例1. 他是我的教練.He’s(0)/ He..has(x)/ He..is(0)my coach.
例1.1莎莉吃過晚餐了.Sally’s(0)/ Sally..is(x)/ Sally..has(0)eaten(p.p.=完成)dinner.
例2. 你長笛學幾年了? How long have you learned(p.p.=完成)the flute?
我已學超過10年了.I’ve/ I..have learned
it over/
more..than 10 years.
例3.你功課做完了嗎? <肯/否簡答> Have you done/finished(p.p.=完成)your homework?
Yes, I’ve
(x)/ I..have (0) No,
I..have..not. / I’ve..not. / I..haven’t.
例3.1 你姊有兩個珍珠包嗎? <肯/否簡答> Does your sister have two pearl purses? è
Yes,
she does. No, she doesn’t. Has your sister two pearl purses? è
Yes,
she has.
(x)/ does. (0) No, she has..not. (x)/ doesn’t.
(0)
二. 現在完成式的基本句型練習
例1.小班剛從網球場回來.Little Ben has just come(p.p.=完成)back from the tennis court.
例1.1 大班剛才回到家.Big Ben has..just..got..home. (x)/ got..home..just..now. (0)
例2.阿Q從來沒有通過智力測驗. A-q hasn’t..ever/ has..never passed
an I.Q.
test.
例3.你已經把垃圾倒了嗎? 否定簡答. No,
I haven’t already.
(x)/yet. (0) èNo, not yet.
Have you taken out the garbage already?
(x)/ yet? (0)
例4.我們已經看過這表演幾次了.We’ve seen/watched the show(for)several times.
例5.凱莉不曾看過這類植物. Kelly..has..not / Kelly’s..not / Kelly..has..never
seen this
kind of
plants.(x)/plant.(0)before.
例6.你以前有熬過夜嗎? 有過./不曾. Have you ever stayed up late before?
Yes, I
do. (x)/have.
(0) No, I..haven’t. /
I’ve..not. / never.
例6.1他們去過故宮嗎? (用visit) Do/
Did they
ever visit
the Palace
Museum?
è Have they ever visited
the Palace
Museum?
例7.阿珍曾經和妞吵過架嗎? Has
A-jean once(x)/
ever(0)fought
with Neo?
<問句>
例7.1阿麵曾經和土司吵架.Noodle has ever(x)/
once(0)fought
with Bread.
<肯定句>
例8.貝蒂曾和網友約會過. Betty has ever(x)/
once(0)dated
with her
Net pals.
è Once Betty has dated with her Net pals(once). <肯定句>
三. since(自從…)後面常接過去式的時名/時片/子句而和現在完成式的主要子句連用.
例1.你在三重教英文多久了?
How long
have you
taught English
in Sanchung?
例1.1自從1986年/自從27年前,我就在三重教英文了.
I’ve taught English
in Sanchung
since 1986.
/ 27..years..ago.
è It’s/ It..has..been 27 years since I taught English in Sanchung.
例2.仙蒂學畫已十多年了.Sandy has learned painting(for)more than 10 years.
è It..is/ It..has..been over 10 years since Sandy learned painting.
例2.1仙蒂從10年前/從很小,就已經在學書法了.
Sandy has
learned calligraphy
since
10..years..ago. / she..was..very..young.
四. ever/never; already/yet; this+時名; recently …皆可用於現簡式/過簡式/現完式, 但意義不同. for+ 一段時間; before
均可用於過簡式/現完式,但意義不同.
例1. 你今天上午有看到王老師嗎? Have you seen Mr. Wang this morning?
(目前是上午)
èDo you see Mr. Wang this morning? (目前是上午)
èDid you see Mr. Wang this morning? (目前是已過上午)
例2.阿公在那家醫院住過2個禮拜.(目前不在醫院)
Grandpa
has..stayed(x)/stayed<P.T.>(0)in
that hospital
for 2
weeks.
例2.1阿伯兩個禮拜前住過那家醫院.(目前不在醫院)
Uncle has..stayed(x)/ stayed<P.T.>(0)in
that hospital
2 weeks
ago.
例 2.2阿嬷已住院一個禮拜了.(目前仍在醫院)
Grandma stayed<P.T.>(x)/has..stayed(0)in that hospital
for a
weeks.
例3.我之前丟過手機.(目前不確定有沒找到) I have..lost(x)/ lost(0)my cellphone
before.
例3.1我的手機掉了.(目前確定沒找到) I lost<P.T.>(x)/ have..lost(0)my
cellphone.
例4.我買了台
iPad.(以前有買,目前不確定還在)
I have..bought<現完>(x)/
bought <P.T.>(0)an iPad before.
例4.1我已買了台 MP4 .(以前有買,目前仍在) I
bought(x)/have..bought(0)an
MP4.
五. 限用過簡式,不能用現完式的情形
1.句中動詞,屬於瞬間完成的動作,如:
die(死亡); begin/start(開始); arrive(到達)…
例1.瓊斯博士抵台已經2個月了. Dr.
Jones has..arrived(x)/ has..stayed<現完>(0)/
arrived
<P.T.>(x)in Taiwan for two months.
è Dr. Jones
arrived <P.T.>in Taiwan two months ago.
例1.1瓊斯博士剛剛抵台. Dr. Jones just..arrived(x)/ has..just..arrived(0)in Taiwan.
例2.約瑟夫的爺爺已經去逝幾天了. Joseph’s grandpa has..died(x)/ has..been..dead<形>(0)/
died<P.T.>(x)for a few days. è
Joseph’s grandpa
died<P.T.>a few days ago.
例2.1喬的爺爺剛剛去逝了. Joe’s grandpa
has..just..died. <現完>/
died..just..now. <P.T.>
2.句中有表示過去時間的時副/時副片,或以when, what..time …開頭的問句
例1.喬治前夜去看醫生.George has..seen(x)/saw(0)a doctor the night before last.
例2.前晚我們去釣魚.We have..gone(x)/went(0)fishing the evening before
yesterday.
例3.周老師何時去澳洲的? 上週四. Last
Thursday.
When has..Ms...Chou..gone(x)/ did..Ms...Chou..go(0)to Australia?
例4.煙火秀幾點開始了? 八點半. What
time has..the..firework..display..begun? (x)/ did.. the..firework..display..begin? (0)
(It was)Eighty-thirty. (x)/ At..8:30. (0)
例4.1表演開始多久了? 一個小時了. How
long did..the..show..begin? (x)/
has..the..show..begun? (0) For an hour.
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