國二(上)文法 25-10 ans

                                國二(上)文法                   25-10

動詞的分身-變性 <4-2>

  4. 不定詞(to V.)做副詞(adv.)的情況

例1.這(它)好喝(V.=>to V.=副=>形=good)嗎?   Is it good to drink?

比較: 有沒有涼的東西可以喝(V.=>to V.=形=>代=anything)呢?

   Is there anything cold to drink?

例2.老爸去機場送朋友了.(see …off=動詞片語=V.phr.=>to V.=副=>V.=went)

   Dad went(V.)to the airport to see his friends off.

例3.為了通過數學考試(to pass … =V.phr.=>to V.=副=>V.=worked),維克多更努力了.

   To pass the math exam, Vick worked(V.)harder.

比較: 通過自然科考試(V.=>to V./Ving=N.=S.)對珍來說是小事一件.

   To..pass / Passing the science exam is(V.)a piece of cake for Jane.

à It is a piece of cake for Jane to..pass/ passing the science exam.

例4.這條河太危險了無法渡過(V.=>to V.=副=>副=too).

   This river was too dangerous to cross it.

à This river was so dangerous that we/people couldn’t cross it.

例5.這些故事書夠簡單,小孩子都會讀(V.=>to V.=副=>副=enough).

   The story books are easy enough for kids to read them.

à The story books are so easy that kids can read them.

例6.傑夫長高到可以碰到(V.=>to V.=副=>副=enough)籃框了.

   Jeff grew tall enough to touch the basketball hoop.

à Jeff grew so tall that he could touch the basketball hoop.

二.動名詞(gerund)是在原V.的字尾+ing而成. +ing代表動詞已經改變詞性,雖然意思不變,但詞性已從動詞轉變為名詞(可做S./O.),用法如下:

1. 動名詞(Ving)做主詞(S.)時,通常可以和不定詞(to V.)互換或以it(虛主詞)代替.

例1.與好友一起享受(V.=>to V./Ving=N.=S.)美食是一大樂事.

    To..enjoy/ Enjoying good food with good friends is great fun.

 à It is great fun to..enjoy/ enjoying good food with good friends.

例2.與家人共度(V.=>to V./Ving=N.=S.)時光是很重要的.

To..spend/ Spending time with the family is important.

 à It is important to..spend/ spending time with the family.

例3.友善(形=>to..be/being+形=>N.=S.)待人是有禮貌的.

    To..be/Being nice to others is(V.)polite.

 à It is polite to..be/being nice to others.

比較: 要對人友善,同學們.(祈使句用原V.) (省略主詞=you)

   To..be(x)/ Being(x)/ Be(0)nice to others, class.

   2.動名詞(Ving)做受詞(O.).  *** 僅限下列少數的及物動詞(及V.)/動詞片語(動片)         用動名詞(Ving)做受詞,而不可以用不定詞(to V.)做受詞.  切記! 切記!

如: enjoy(喜愛), spend(花費), finish(完成), miss(錯過),mind(介意),                 quit(放棄/戒除), avoid(避免),practice(練習), imagine(想像),

not …stand(無法忍受), give up(放棄), have fun/a..good..time

(做 …很開心),have a bad time(做 …   不開心), have trouble/problems

(做 …有困難),be good/poor at(擅長於/不擅長),be busy(in)(忙於),

be afraid of(害怕), be tired of(討厭) …

例1.我姊喜愛看漫畫書.My big sister enjoyed to..read(x)/reading(0)comic books.

例2.你介意把窗戶關上嗎? (請對方關窗戶)                  

 Do/ Would you mind(及V.)to..close(x)/closing(0)the windows?

是的.(表不同意)            /不,一點兒也不.(表同意)

Yes, I do. /would.         / No, I don’t /wouldn’t at all.

比較:你介意我把收音機開大聲點嗎?  Do/ Would you mind(及V.)turning..up(x)/

I..turning..up(x)/ my..turning..up(0)the radio?

à Do/ Would you mind(及V.)if(連)I(S.)turn..up(V.)the radio?

例3.你介意抽枝菸嗎? (請對方抽菸)

Do/ Would you mind(及V.)to..smoke? (x)/smoking? (0)

比較:你介意我吸煙嗎?

Do/ Would you mind(及V.)smoking? (x)/ I..smoking?  (x)/ my..smoking? (0)

à Do/ Would you mind(及V.)if(連)I(S.) smoke?(V.)

例4.雪莉害怕看恐怖片.Sherry’s afraid of(介)to..see(x)/seeing(0)horror movies.

例5.莉莉,別輕易放棄日文. /放棄唸日文.

Don’t quit Japanese / to..study(x)/studying(0)Japanese easily, Lily.

例6.莎莉,別放棄做一位成功的鋼琴家.

Sally, don’t give up to..be(x)/being(0)a successful pianist.

例7.你媽厭煩每天拖地洗衣嗎?  Does(x)/Is(0)your mom tired of(介)

mopping the floors and washing the clothes every day?

例8.你能想像生活裡沒有網路嗎?

Can you imagine to..live(x)/living(0)without(介)the Internet?

例9.你是如何避免犯錯的?

How do you avoid to..make(x)/making(0)a mistake?

例10.天色看起來要下雨了? It looks like(介)to..rain. (x)/raining. (x)/rain. (0)

比較:看起來他們有麻煩了.                                           (N.)

It looks like they are in trouble.