國二(上)文法 25-22

                                  國二(上)文法                        25-22

一.  _____代名詞(_______)的構成及用法

1._____代名詞有 ______: ______,________,______;

______: _____________(______),____________(______)

2.______代名詞,除了______(_____)之外,其餘都是在_______的後面____而形成.

若_______字尾是 __時,則_______,與_______同形,如: _____(_____), ____(_____)

** ___________ = _______ + ______    **  ________(_____)後面必接______

 比較: 那是她的立可白.______(_____=___)___ _____(________)____________ (__)

       那個立可白是她的,不是我的. ______(_____)____________(__)___ _____<________>(x)/

______<_______>(0) _____ ____ <_______>(x) / ______ <_______>(0)

       這是他的螢光筆.______(_____=___)___ ____<________>_____________ (__)

       這螢光筆是他的,不是你的. ______(_____)_____________(__)___ _____<________>(0)

                                _____ ______ <_______>(x)/ ______ <_______>(0)

3._____代名詞的構成是: 在第__ ,__人稱的_________字尾+______(_____)/________(___);

                        在第___人稱的______字尾+______(_____)/________(____)

例如:我自己 _________ ;我們自己 ____________ ;你自己 __________ ;你們自己 ____________

他自己 __________ ;她自己 __________ ;它自己 _______ ;他們自己 _____________

** 用_­­­­­­­­­­­_____(___/___)也可以形成介片表示”______/________ ”

例如:我自己 _________ = ____ ____(_______)______(___);

你自己 __________  ;你們自己 _____________ = ____ ______ ______

他自己 __________ = ____ _____ ______  ;她自己 _________ = ____ ____ ______

它自己 _______ = ____ _____ ______  ;他們自己 _____________ = ____ _______ ______

我們自己 ___________ = ____ _____ ______  ;自己 __________ = ____ ______ ______

4.反身代名詞的應用

(A).當句中的______(__)與______(__)______時,

例1.漢克(__)傷到了(____)自己(__). _______ ______(____)_____ (x)/_________ (0)

例2.那個娃娃哭到睡著了._____ ______ _______(____)_____(x)/__________(0)___ ______

例3.老爹自己煮了杯咖啡.

______ ______(____)/ _______(____)_____(x)/__________(0)___ _____ ____ ________

(B).強調句中的______(__),____________(_____)或______(__)

例1.珍妮本人說出事實真相. ________(__)_________(_________)_____ ____ _______   è

               ________(__)_____ ____ _______(___)..__________  / ____.._____..______

例2.我親自做生日卡給凱莉. (強調______)

__(__)________(_________)______ ___ ___________ ______ ____ _______   è

__(__)______ ___ ___________ ______ ____ _______(___).._________ /____.._____..______

例3.站在門口的就是安娜本人了. (強調___________ = ______)

___(__)___ _______(_____)__________(__________)___________ ____ ____ ______

例4.他們遇見了麥克本尊. (強調_____)_____ _____(____)__________(__)________ (_________)

例5.老媽在和店東本人說話. (強調______)

_____ ___ _________(______)___(__)____ _____________(__)________ /________ (_________)

(C).oneself在______時,除了______的意思之外,還有____ ____ _________ (強調_______的意思)

例1.你自己(單獨)打掃廚房和浴廁的嗎?  ______ _____ _______ ____ _________ _____ ___

  ___________ ____..__________ / ____..____..__________ / ____.._____..______

例2.女孩兒們,別獨自一人走在暗處.

______ ______ ______ ___ ____ ______ ____..__________  / ____..____..__________

5.反身代的常見慣用語

例1.不要拘束. _______ __________/____________ ____ _______

例2.請自己取用. ________ ______ __________ ___ _____ _____ / ________

例3.好好的享用吧. ______ __________  / ____________

例4.自己洗澎澎 ______..__________ = ______..___..______..____..__________

例5.自己吃東西 ______ __________

例6.擔心 _______ _________

例7.好好照顧自己.(多保重) ______ ___ _______ ______ ___ __________

例8.我從會議中告退. (__)_________ _____(x)/ _________(0)____ ____ _________

  比較:打擾一下. (____)_________ _____ (0)/ _________ (x)

二.  _______(___)/__________(___)/___________(___),前面有______或_______/_________ …,字尾______,而是在後面________的字尾+______;若接__________,則在________的後面+ _____

例1.一打手套 ___/_____ _______ ___ ________(___)

例2.兩打鴨蛋 _____ _________ ___ _______ _______(___)

例3.五百公斤的奶粉 ____ __________ ____________/_____/___ ___ _____ ________(_______)

例4.三百隻老鼠 _______ ____________ _______(___)                             

例5.兩萬(20,000)磅牛排 ________ ____________ ________(_______)____ _______(_______)

例6.幾打原子筆 _________ _________ ___ ___________ ______(___)

例7.許多打自動鉛筆 _______ _________ ___ _____________ ________(___)

三.  _______/__________/____________前面沒有______,要表示______(_____)/______/______時

寫成________/___________/_____________(___) + ____ + ________(___)/ ________(___)

例1.幾打(十)個乒乓球 ________ ____ ____________ _______(___)

例2.數百個家庭 ___________ ____ __________(___)

例3.數千個人/跑者 ____________ ____ _________(___) / _________(___)

例4.數萬隻鴿子 _____ ____ ____________ ____ _______(___)/ __________(___)

例5.數十萬隻企鵝 ___________ ____ _____________ ____ ___________(___)

例6.數百瓶汽水/礦泉水 ___________ ____ _________(________,____)____

_____..______(_______) / _________.._______(_______)

例7.數萬磅的魚肉/雞肉 _____ ____ ____________ ____ _________(________,____)____

_____(_______)/__________(_______)

  例8.幾罐果醬 ________ ______(________,____)____ ______(_______)

四.片語

1.公園路25號3樓 ____(______)____ ______ ______(____)

2.住在黃金街 ______ ____/_____ ______ _______(____)

3.大(主要)街/馬路 ______ ________/ ______   4.繁忙的街道/馬路 ______ ________/ ______

5.火車站 ______/__________ _________        6.深夜 ______ ____ _______

7.順便一提 ____ ____ ______,______   8.往前走十分鐘 ____ ________ ____ _____ __________

9.該我了嗎? 是的,該你了. ___ ___ _____ ______  (__)      _____ _____ ______ ______

10.你有投票權嗎? ____ _____ ______ _____ _______(__)___ ______

11.你要在這站下嗎? ___ _____ ______ ______  / _________

國三(上)文法 22-9 ans

                                國三(上)文法                   22-9

被動語態(Passive Voice= P.V.) <3-2>

三.不同時式的主動語態<A.V.>改被動語態<P.V.>   接<3-1>

10. 未來進行式<S.+ will+ be+ Ving表進行>

 例.這兩隊將在下週同一時間再度交手.

The two teams will<未來式>be<原V.>playing<現分=進行>the game again at the                same time next week. <A.V.> èThe game will<語助V.>be<原V.>being<現分=進行>

played<p.p.=被動>again by the two teams at the same time next week. (x)

** be,being,been任二者不能連用,所以現在/過去/未來的完成進行式,都不能由A.V.改P.V.

** 未來進行式句中,A.V.改P.V.時,be與being會同時出現,所以不能由A.V.→P.V..

因此12個動詞時式中,只有8個可以由A.V.→P.V.

四.句中有語助V.(can,may,will,must,should …)時,由A.V. è P.V.

 例1.學生不該看太多電視. Students shouldn’t<語助V.>watch too much TV.   <A.V.>

 è Too much TV shouldn’t<語助V.>be watched<p.p.=被動>by students.   <P.V.>

 例2.史密斯博士會說五種不同的語言. Dr. Smith can<語助V.>speak five different       languages.  è Five different languages can be spoken<p.p.=被動>by Dr. Smith.

例3.那小孩子一定要吃那麼多的維他命嗎?  Must<語助V.>that kid take so much(x)/ many(0)vitamins?  è Must<語助V.>so many vitamins be taken<p.p.=被動>by that kid?          例4.他們可能會在婚宴上遇見那位大廚神.They may<語助V.>meet the chef at the wedding       party.  è The chef may<語助V.>be met<p.p.=被動>by them at the wedding party.

五.句中有感官V.(see,watch,hear,listen …)時,由A.V.è P.V.<句中的感官V.已變性為p.p.>

 例1.我看過泰德洗他的臭鞋子.I saw<感官V.>Ted wash<原不定=O.C.>(0)/ washing(x)his     stinky sneakers.   è Ted was<V.=P.T.>seen<p.p.=被動>wash(x)/washing(x)/

to..wash<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>(0)his stinky sneakers by me.

   比較: 我看見泰利在洗他的髒衣服.I saw<感官V.>Terry wash<原不定=O.C.>(x)/washing(0)

his dirty clothes.   è Terry was<V.=P.T.>seen<p.p.=被動>wash(x)/washing(0)/

to..wash<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>(x)his dirty clothes by me.

 例2.我們聽過茱莉唱日本歌.We heard<感官V.>Julie sing<原不定=O.C.>(0) /singing(x)

Japanese songs.  è Julie was<V.=P.T.>heard<p.p.=被動>sing(x)/ singing(x)/

to..sing<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>(0)Japanese songs by us.

  比較: 我們聽到茱蒂在和別人吵架.We heard<感官V.>Judy fight<原不定=O.C.>(x)/ fighting(0)with others.  è Judy was<V.=P.T.>heard<p.p.=被動>fight(x)/fighting(0)/

to..fight<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>(x)with others by us.

六. 句中有使役V.(make,have,help)時,由A.V. è P.V. <句中的使役V.已變性為p.p.>

 例1.老爸要老媽戒菸.(用make/P.T.) Dad made<使役V.>Mom quit<原不定=O.C.>smoking. è

Mom was<V.>made<p.p.=被動>quit(x)/to..quit<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>smoking(0)by Dad.

 例2.張爸要他女兒拖廚房地板. (用have/Pr.T.) Uncle Chang has<使役V.>his daughter

to..mop(x)/ mop<原不定=O.C.>(0)the kitchen floor.  è Uncle Chang’s daughter

is<V.=Pr.T.>had(x)/ made<p.p.=被動=形>(0)mop(x)/ to..mop(0)<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>

the kitchen floor by him.

 例3. Sherry不幫雪莉做家事. Sherry didn’t help<使役V./一般V.>Shirley do<原不定=O.C.>/

to..do<to V.=不定詞=O.C.>the housework.  èShirley wasn’t <V.>helped<p.p.=被動>

do<原不定=S.C.>(x)/ to..do<to V.=不定詞=S.C.>the housework by Sherry.

*** 以上感官V./使役V.在P.V.句中,變性為p.p.<形>之後,就不再有 動詞的詞性了.

七. 句中有與格動詞+ 人..物; 物..to/for..人時,由A.V. è P.V.

 1.與格V.的受詞中,無論人<間受>/物<直受>,都可以做P.V.的主詞者,有teach(教)/ buy(買)/

tell(告訴)/ pay(付錢)/ lend(借出)/ borrow(借入)/ send(寄送)/ give(給)…

例1.菲利浦教我們英文.Philip teaches<V.=Pr.T.>us<人=O.=間受>English. <物=O.=直受>

  èWe<人=S.>are<V.>taught<p.p.=被動>English by Philip.

Philip teaches<V.=Pr.T.>English<物=O.=直受>to<介>us.<人=O.=間受>

èEnglish<物=S.>is<V.>taught<p.p.=被動>to<介>us<人=O.>by Philip.

例2.莎莉買了台二手電腦給她弟弟.Sally bought a second-hand computer<物=O.=直受>for            her brother. <人=O.=間受>   èA second-hand computer<物=S.>was<V.>

                              bought<p.p.=被動>for<介>Sally’s brother by her.

Sally bought her brother<人=O.=間受> a second-hand computer. <物=O.=直受> 

èSally’s brother was<V.>bought<p.p.=被動> a second-hand computer by her.

 2.與格V.的受詞中,限用物<直受>,才可以做 P.V.的主詞者,有write(寫)/ carry(攜帶)/

pass(通過)/ sell(賣)/ sing(唱)/ do(做) …

例.我寫了封電子郵件給海倫.I wrote<與格V.>an e-mail<物=O.=直受>to Helen.<人=O.=間受>

èAn e-mail<物=S.>was<V.>written<p.p.=被動>to<介>Helen by me. (0)

I wrote<與格V.>Helen<人=O.=間受>an e-mail. <物=O.=直受>

èHelen<人=S.>was<V.>written<p.p.=被動>an e-mail by me. (x)

 3.與格V.的受詞中,限用人<間受>,才可以做 P.V.的主詞者,有answer(回答)/deny(否認)/

    refuse(拒絕)…

八. A.V.句中有不及V.(Vi.)+ 介(prep.)+ 受詞(O.),由A.V. è P.V.時,句中的prep.要保留

例1.詹姆士有空時,常聽收音機. James often listens<Vi.>to<介>the radio in his free        time.  èThe radio is<V.>often listened<p.p.=被動>to<介>by James when he’s free.

例2.阿嬤仔細地瞧著那些老照片.Grandma looked<V.>carefully at<介>the old pictures.

èThe old pictures were<V.>carefully looked<p.p.=被動>at<介>by Grandma.

例3.李大哥正好好地照顧他的女娃娃.Brother Li’s taking good care of his baby girl.

èBrother Li’s baby girl is<V.>being<現分=進行>taken<p.p.=被動>good care(x)/

care..of<介>(0)by him.

國三(上)文法 22-9

                                   國三(上)文法                      22-9

被動語態(________ ______= _____) <3-2>

三.不同______的_________<____>改_________<____>   接<3-1>

10. ___________<___+ ____+ ____+ _____表_____>

 例.這兩隊將在下週同一時間再度交手.

____ ____ _______ ____<______>____<_____>________<____=_____>____ ______ ______ ___ ____ ______ _____ _____ ______ <____> è____ ______ ____<______>____<_____>______<_____=_____>

_______<____=_____>______ ____ ____ ____ _______ ___ ____ ______ _____ _____ ______ (x)

** ___,______,______任二者________,所以_____/_____/_____的___________,都_____由____改____

** ___________句中,____改____時,____與______會同時出現,所以______________.

因此___個__________中,只有__個可以__________

四.句中有_______(_____,_____,____,______,________ …)時,由A.V. è P.V.

 例1.學生不該看太多電視. _________ ___________<______>______ ____ ______ ____   <____>

 è ____ ______ ____ ___________<______>____ ________<____=_____>____ _________   <____>

 例2.史密斯博士會說五種不同的語言. ____ ______ ____<______>_______ ____ __________ ___________  è ____ __________ ___________ ____ ____ _______<____=_____>___ ____ ______

例3.那小孩子一定要吃那麼多的維他命嗎?  ______<______>_____ ____ _____ ___ ______(x)/ ______(0)_________  è ______<______>___ _____ ________ ___ ______<____=_____>___ ____ ____     例4.他們可能會在婚宴上遇見那位大廚神._____ ____<______>_____ ____ _____ ___ ____ ________

______  è ____ _____ _____<______>___ ____<____=_____>___ _____ ___ ____ ________ ______

五.句中有________(____,______,_____,______ …)時,由A.V.è P.V.<句中的_______已_____為____>

 例1.我看過泰德洗他的臭鞋子.__ _____<______>____ ______<_______=____>(0)/ ________(x)____ _______ __________   è ____ _____<__=____>______<____=_____>______(x)/________(x)/

___..______<_____=________=____>(0)____ _______ __________ ___ ____

   比較: 我看見泰利在洗他的髒衣服.__ ____<______>______ ______<______=____>(x)/________(0)

____ _____ ________   è ______ _____<__=____>______<____=_____>_____(x)/_________(0)/

___..______<_____=________=____>(x)____ _____ ________ ___ ____

 例2.我們聽過茱莉唱日本歌.___ ______<_______>_____ _____<_______=____>(0) /________(x)

__________ ______  è _____ _____<__=____>_______<____=_____>_____(x)/ ________(x)/

___.._____<_____=________=____>(0)__________ ______ ___ ____

  比較: 我們聽到茱蒂在和別人吵架.___ _______<_______>_____ ______<_______=____>(x)/ _________(0)____ _______  è _____ _____<__=____>______<____=_____>_____(x)/________(0)/

___..______<_____=________=____>(x)_____ _______ ___ ____

六. 句中有_______(______,______,_____)時,由A.V. è P.V. <句中的_______已_____為____>

 例1.老爸要老媽戒菸.(用make/____) ____ _____<______>_____ _____<_______=____>_________ è

_____ ____<__>______<____=_____>_____(x)/___.._____<____=_______=____>________(0)___ _____

 例2.張爸要他女兒拖廚房地板. (用have/_____) ______ _______ _____<_______>____ __________

___.._____(x)/ _____<_______=____>(0)____ ________ ______  è ______ _________ __________

___<__=_____>____(x)/ ______<____=_____=___>(0)_____(x)/ ___.._____(0)<____=_______=____>

____ ________ ______ ___ ____

 例3. Sherry不幫雪莉做家事. _______ _______ _____<______/______>________ ___<_______=____>/

___..___<____=_______=____>____ ____________  è________ _______<__>_______<____=_____>

___<_______=____>(x)/ ___..___<____=________=____>____ ____________ ___ _______

*** 以上________/________在____句中,變性為____<___>之後,就_______ ______的______了.

七. 句中有___________+ ___..___; ___..___/____..___時,由A.V. è P.V.

1.與格V.的______,無論___<____>/___<____>,都可以做P.V.的_____者,有_______(___)/ ____(___)/

____(_____)/ ____(_____)/ _____(_____)/ ________(_____)/ _____(_____)/ _____(___)…

例1.菲利浦教我們英文._______ _________<__=____>___<___=___=_____>________ <___=___=_____>

  è___<___=___>____<__>________<____=_____>________ ___ _______

_______ _________<___=_____>________<___=___=______>___<___>___ <___=___=______>

è________<___=___>___<___>________<____=_____>___<___>___<___=___>___ _______

例2.莎莉買了台二手電腦給她弟弟._____ ________ __ ____________ ________<___=___=_____>___ ____ ________ <___=___=______>   è__ ______________ __________<___=___>_____<___>

________<____=_____>____<___>_______ ________ ___ ____

______ ________ ____ ________<___=___=_____>___ ______________ __________ <___=___=_____>

è_______ ________ _____<___>________<____=_____>___ ______________ __________ ___ ____

2.與格V.的_______,限用___<_____>,才可以做 P.V.的_____者,有______(___)/ ______(_____)/

______(_____)/ ____(___)/ _____(___)/ ___(___) …

例.我寫了封電子郵件給海倫.__ _____<_____>___ ______<___=___=_____>___ _____<___=___=_____>

è___ ______<___=___>_____<___>________<____=_____>___<___>______ ___ ____ (0)

__ ______<______>______<___=___=______>____ _______ <___=___=______>

è______<___=___>_____<___>________<____=_____>____ _______ ___ ____ (x)

3.與格V.的______,限用___<______>,才可以做 P.V.的_____者,有________(_____)/______(_____)/

   _______(_____)…

八. A.V.句中有_______(___)+ ___(_____)+ _____(__),由A.V. è P.V.時,句中的______要_____

例1.詹姆士有空時,常聽收音機. ______ _____ ________<___>___<__>____ ______ ___ ____ _____

_____  è____ ______ ___<__>_____ _________<____=_____>___<__>___ ______ _____ ____ _____

例2.阿嬤仔細地瞧著那些老照片._________ _______<__>__________ ___<__>____ ____ _________

è____ ____ _________ _____<__>__________ _______<____=_____>___<__>___ _________

例3.李大哥正好好地照顧他的女娃娃.________ _____ _______ _____ _____ ___ ____ _____ ____

è________ _____ _____ ____ ___<__>______<_____=_____>______<____=_____>_____ _____(x)/

_____..___<__>(0)___ _____