國三(上)文法 22-10 ans

                                 國三(上)文法                       22-10

被動語態(Passive Voice= P.V.)<3-3>

九. 以助V(do/does/did)開頭的A.V. è P.V.

 例1.你們有慶祝雙十節嗎? Do you celebrate Double Tenth Day?  <A.V.>

 Is Double Tenth Day celebrated by you?   < P.V.>

例2.麥克有邀請米雪兒去他的派對嗎? Did Michael invite Michaelle to his party?  <A.V.>

Was Michaelle invited by Michael to his party?  <P.V.>

 例3.你妹妹喜歡吃零食嗎? Does your little sister enjoy having snacks?  <A.V.>

  Is having snacks enjoyed by your little sister? <P.V.>

 例4. 克拉克避免犯下那個大錯了嗎? Did Clark avoid making that big mistake?  <A.V.>

  Was making that big mistake avoided by Clark? <P.V.>

十. 以疑問詞(wh-)開頭的 A.V. è P.V.

 1. wh-是主詞(S.)的A.V. è P.V.    **wh- 永遠在句首

 例1.誰把我爸的車拖走了? Who<S.>dragged<Vt.=P.T.>away my dad’s car? <O.>  <A.V.>

Who(0)/Whom(0)was<V.=P.T.>my dad’s car<S.>dragged<p.p.=被動>away by?  <P.V.>

è By<介>who(x)/whom<受格>(0)was my dad’s car<S.> dragged away?  <P.V.>

例2.是誰創作這首旋律的? Who<S.>created<Vt.=P.T.>this melody? <O.>  <A.V.>

Who(0)/Whom(0)was<V.=P.T.>this melody<S.>created<p.p.=被動>by?  <P.V.>

è By<介>who(x)/whom<受格>(0)was<V.=P.T.>this melody<S.>created<p.p.=被動>?

 例3.誰擺設桌子的?  Who<S.>set<Vt.=P.T.>the table? <O.>  <A.V.>

Who(0)/Whom(0)was<V.=P.T.>the table<S.>set<p.p.=被動>by?  <P.V.>

èBy<介>who(x)/whom<受格>(0)was<V.=P.T.>the table<S.>set<p.p.=被動>?  <P.V.>

例4.誰在找我呢? Who<S.>is<V.>looking<現分=進行>for<介>me? <O.>  <A.V.>

Who(0)/Whom(0)am<V.>I<S.>being<現分=進行>looked<p.p.=被動>for<介>by<介>?  <P.V.>

èBy<介>who(x)/whom<受格>(0)am<V.>I<S.>being<現分=進行>looked<p.p.=被動>for? <P.V.>            例5.誰要在學校開演唱會呢? Who<S.>will<語助V.>hold<Vt.>a concert<O.>at school? <A.V.>

Who(0)/Whom(0)will<語助V.>a concert<S.>be<原V.>held<p.p.=被動>at school by? <P.V.>

èBy<介>whom<受格> will<語助V.>a concert<S.>be<原V.>held<p.p.=被動>at school? <P.V.>

例6.是什麼事讓珍妮驚喜的? What<S.>surprised<Vt.=P.T.>Jenny? <O.>   <A.V.>

What<O.>was<V.=P.T.>Jenny<S.>surprised<p.p.=被動>by? (x)/ at? (0)   <P.V.>

è At<介>what<O.>was<V.=P.T.>Jenny<S.>surprised<p.p.=被動>?   <P.V.>

例7.什麼東西讓那些小孩覚得有興趣? What<S.>interested<Vt.=P.T.>those children? <O.> <A.V.>

What<O.>were<V.=P.T.>those children<S.>interested<p.p.=被動>by? (x)/ in? (0) <P.V.>

è In<介>what<O.>were<V.=P.T.>those children<S.>interested? <p.p.=被動>  <P.V.>

2. wh-是受詞(O.)的A.V. è P.V.  **wh- 永遠在句首

例1.他們在戲院遇到了誰? Who<O.>did<助V.>they<S.>meet<Vt.>in the theater?  <A.V.>

è Who<S.>was<V.>met<p.p.=被動>by them<O.>in the theater?  <P.V.>

例2.伯朗女士需要面訪誰呢? Who<O.>does<助V.>Ms. Brown<S.>have<原V.>to interview?  <A.V.>

è Who<S.>has<V.>to be interviewed by Ms. Brown? <P.V.>

例3.他們在和誰聊天? Who<O.>are<V.=Pr.T.>they<S.>chatting<現分=進行>with? <介><A.V.>

è Who<S.>are(x)/is(0)being<現分=進行>chatted<p.p.=被動>with<介>by them? <P.V.>

例4.仙蒂在車庫裡看到了什麼? What<O.>did<助V.>Sandy<S.>see<Vt.>in the garage? <A.V.>

è What<S.>were(x)/ was(0)seen<p.p.=被動>in the garage by Sandy?  <P.V.>

例5劉太太剛在聽什麼? What<O.>did<助V.>Mrs. Liu<S.>listen<Vi.>to<介>just now?  <A.V.>

è What<S.>was<V.>listened<p.p.=被動>to<介>by Mrs. Liu just now?   <P.V.>

例6.蒂娜討厭哪個男生? Which boy<O.>does<助V.>Tina<S.>dislike? <Vt.>   <A.V.>

è Which boy<S.>is<V.>disliked<p.p.=被動>by Tina?   <P.V.> 

例7.你以前喜歡哪種運動? Which sport<O.>were<V.=P.T.>you<S.>fond<形>of<介>?  <A.V.>

è Which sport<S.>was<V.=P.T.>fond<形>of<介>by you?   <P.V.>

  3. wh-是副詞(adv.)的 A.V. è P.V.   **wh- 永遠在句首

 例1.你何時要佈置你的家? When are<V.>you<S.>going to decorate your house? <O.> <A.V.>

è When is<V.>your house<S.>going to be decorated<p.p.=被動>by you?  <P.V.>

 例2.我們可以在哪兒吹喇叭? Where can<語助V.>we<S.>play<Vt.>the trumpet? <O.> <A.V.>

è Where can<語助V.>the trumpet<S.>be<原V.>played<p.p.=被動>by us?   <P.V.>

 例3.警方為什麼做這份報告? Why did<助V.>the police<S.>do the report? <O.> <A.V.>

è Why was<V.>this report<S.>done<p.p.=被動>by the police? <O.>   <P.V.>

 例4.布萊德如何找到他遺失的電子字典呢? How did<助V.>Brad find his lost electronic      dictionary?<O.> <A.V.>       è How was<V.>Brad’s lost electronic dictionary<S.>

found<p.p.=被動>by him?  <P.V.>

 例5.你姊有多喜歡哈利波特? How(much)does<助V.>your big sister like<Vt.>Harry

Potter? <O.> <A.V.>è How is<V.>Harry Potter<S.>liked<p.p.=被動>by your big sister? <P.V.>

 例6.你媽多久燙一次衣服? How often does<助V.>your mom<S.>iron<Vt.>the clothes?<O.> <A.V.>

è  How often are<V.>the clothes<S.>ironed<p.p.=被動>by your mom? <O.>  <P.V.>

十一. 祈使句的A.V. è P.V. ,一律以let<使役V.>開頭

 1.主詞是第二人稱(you)時,<通常被省略>

例1.請接電話.(You)Answer<Vt.>the phone<O.>,please.  <A.V.> 

è Let<使役V.>the phone be<原V.>answered<p.p.=被動>by you.  <P.V.>

例2.請吹熄蠟燭.Please blow<Vt.>out the candles.<O.>  <A.V.>

è Let<使役V.>the candles<O.>be<原V.>blown<p.p.=被動>out by you.  <P.V.>

例3.不要把收音機關小聲. Don’t turn<原V.=Vt.>the radio<O.>down.  <A.V.>

è Don’t let the radio<O.>be turned<p.p.=被動>down.  <P.V.>

è Let the radio<O.>not be turned<p.p.=被動>down.  <P.V.>

例4.請勿關瓦斯.Please don’t turn off the gas.<O.><A.V.>   è Please don’t let the gas<O.>

be turned<p.p.>off by you.  è Please let the gas<O.>not be turned off by you.  <P.V.>

國三(上)文法 22-10

                                 國三(上)文法                         22-10

被動語態(________ ______= _____)<3-3>

九. 以助V(___/_____/____)開頭的A.V. è P.V.

 例1.你們有慶祝雙十節嗎? ___ ____ ___________ ________ ______ _____  <A.V.>

 ___ ________ ______ _____ ____________ ___ ____   < P.V.>

例2.麥克有邀請米雪兒去他的派對嗎? ____ ________ ______ __________ ___ ____ ______  <A.V.>

_____ __________ ________ ___ ________ ___ ____ ______  <P.V.>

 例3.你妹妹喜歡吃零食嗎? _____ _____ ______ ______ ______ _______ ________  <A.V.>

  ___ _______ ________ _________ ___ _____ ______ ______ <P.V.>

 例4. 克拉克避免犯下那個大錯了嗎? ____ ______ ______ ________ _____ ____ _________  <A.V.>

  _____ ________ _____ ____ _________ _________ ___ ______ <P.V.>

十. 以疑問詞(_____)開頭的 A.V. è P.V.

 1. wh-是主詞(__)的A.V. è P.V.    **_____ _____在_____

 例1.誰把我爸的車拖走了? _____<__>_________<___=____>______ ____ ______ ____ <__>  <A.V.>

____(0)/______(0)_____<___=____>____ _______ ____<__>_________<____=_____>______ ___  <P.V.>

è ____<___>_____(x)/______<_____>(0)_____ ____ _______ ____<__>_________ ______  <P.V.>

例2.是誰創作這首旋律的? ____<__>________<___=____>____ ________ <__>  <A.V.>

_____(0)/ ______(0)_____<___=____>____ ________<__>________<____=_____>___  <P.V.>

è ____<___>_____(x)/______<_____>(0)_____<___=____>____ ________<__>________<____=_____>

 例3.誰擺設桌子的?  _____<__>____<___=____>____ ______ <__>  <A.V.>

_____(0)/ ______(0)_____<___=____>____ ______<__>____<____=_____>___  <P.V.>

è____<___>_____(x)/______<_____>(0)_____<___=____>____ ______<__>____<____=_____>  <P.V.>

例4.誰在找我呢? _____<__>___<__>________<_____=_____>____<___>____ <__>  <A.V.>

____(0)/______(0)____<__>__<__>______<____=_____>_______<____=_____>___<__>___<__>  <P.V.>

è____<___>_____(x)/______<_____>(0)____<__>__<__>______<____=_____>_______<____=_____>___例5.誰要在學校開演唱會呢? ____<__>____<______>_____<___>__ _________<__>___ _______ <A.V.>

____(0)/______(0)____<______>___ _________<__>____<____>_____<____=_____>___ _______ ___

è____<__>______<_____>____<______>___ _________<__>____<____>_____<____=_____>___ _______

例6.是什麼事讓珍妮驚喜的? _____<__>___________<___=____>_______ <__>   <A.V.>

_____<__>_____<___=____>_______<__>___________<____=_____>____ (x)/ ___ (0)   <P.V.>

è ___<__>______<__>_____<___=____>_______<__>___________<____=_____>   <P.V.>

例7.什麼東西讓那些小孩覚得有興趣? _____<__>___________<___=____>______ ________ <__> <A.V.>

_____<__>_____<___=____>______ _________<__>___________<____=_____>____ (x)/ ___ (0) <P.V.>

è ___<__>_____<__>_____<___=____>______ _________<__>___________ <____=_____>  <P.V.>

2. wh-是受詞(__)的A.V. è P.V.  **_____ _____在_____

例1.他們在戲院遇到了誰? ____<__>____<____>_____<___>______<___>___ ____ _______  <A.V.>

è ____<__>_____<__>____<____=_____>___ _____<__>___ ____ _______  <P.V.>

例2.伯朗女士需要面訪誰呢?____<__>_____<____>___ _______<__>_____<___>___ _________  <A.V.>

è ____<__>_____<___>___ ____ ____________ ___ ____ ______ <P.V.>

例3.他們在和誰聊天? ____<__>____<__=____>_____<__>_________<_____=_____>_____ <__><A.V.>

è ____<__>____(x)/___(0)______<_____=_____>________<____=_____>_____<__>___ _____ <P.V.>

例4.仙蒂在車庫裡看到了什麼? _____<__>____<____>______<__>____<___>___ ____ ________ <A.V.>

è _____<__>_____(x)/ ____(0)_____<____=_____>___ ____ ________ ___ _______  <P.V.>

例5劉太太剛在聽什麼? _____<__>____<____>____ ____<__>_______<___>___<__>____ _____ <A.V.>

è _____<__>_____<__>_________<____=_____>___<__>___ ____ ____ ____ _____   <P.V.>

例6.蒂娜討厭哪個男生? ______ ____<__>______<____>_____<__>________ <___>   <A.V.>

è ______ ____<__>___<__>_________<____=_____>___ _____   <P.V.> 

例7.你以前喜歡哪種運動? ______ ______<__>_____<__=____>____<__>______<__>___<__>  <A.V.>

è ______ ______<__>____<__=____>______<__>___<__>___ ____   <P.V.>

  3. wh-是副詞(____)的 A.V. è P.V.   **_____ _____在_____

 例1.你何時要佈置你的家? _____ ____<__>____<__>______ ___ _________ ____ _______<__> <A.V.>

è _____ ___<__>____ _______<__>______ ___ ____ __________<____=_____>___ ____  <P.V.>

 例2.我們可以在哪兒吹喇叭? _____ ____<______>___<__>_____<___>____ _________ <__>  <A.V.>

è _____ ____<______>____ _________<__>____<____>________<____=_____>___ ___   <P.V.>

 例3.警方為什麼做這份報告? ____ ____<____>____ _______<__>____ _____ _______ <__> <A.V.>

è _____ ____<__>_____ _______<__>______<____=_____>___ ____ _______ <__>   <P.V.>

 例4.布萊德如何找到他遺失的電子字典呢? ____ ____<____>_____ ____ ____ ____ ___________

___________<__> <A.V.>       è ____ ____<__>_______ ____ ___________ ___________<__>

______<____=_____>___ ____  <P.V.>

 例5.你姊有多喜歡哈利波特? ____(_____)_____<____>_____ ____ _______ _____<___>______

_______<__> <A.V.>è ____ ___<__>______ ______<__>_____<____=_____>___ ____ ____ ______ <P.V.>

 例6.你媽多久燙一次衣服? ____ _____ _____<___>____ _____<__>_____<___>____ ________<__><A.V.>

è  ____ _____ ____<__>____ ________<__>_______<____=_____>___ ____ _____ <__>  <P.V.>

十一. 祈使句的A.V. è P.V. ,一律以___<_______>開頭

 1.主詞是_________(____)時,<通常被_____>

例1.請接電話.(____)________<___>____ ______<__>________  <A.V.> 

è ____<_______>____ _______ ___<____>___________<____=_____>___ ____  <P.V.>

例2.請吹熄蠟燭._______ _____<___>____ ____ __________ <__>  <A.V.>

è ____<_______>____ __________<__>____<____>_______<____=_____>____ ___ ____   <P.V.>

例3.不要把收音機關小聲. _____ _____<____=___>____ ______<__>______  <A.V.>

è _____ ___ ____ ______<__>___ ________<____=_____>______   <P.V.>

è ____ ____ ______<__>____ ___ ________<____=_____>______   <P.V.>

例4.請勿關瓦斯._______ _____ _____ ___ ____ ____<__> <A.V.> è_______ _____ ___ ____ ____<__>

___ _______<____>____ ___ ____ è_______ ___ ____ ____<__>____ ___ _______ ___ ___ ___  <P.V.>

國二(上)文法 25-10 ans.jpg

國二(上)文法 25-10 ans

                                國二(上)文法                   25-10

動詞的分身-變性 <4-2>

  4. 不定詞(to V.)做副詞(adv.)的情況

例1.這(它)好喝(V.=>to V.=副=>形=good)嗎?   Is it good to drink?

比較: 有沒有涼的東西可以喝(V.=>to V.=形=>代=anything)呢?

   Is there anything cold to drink?

例2.老爸去機場送朋友了.(see …off=動詞片語=V.phr.=>to V.=副=>V.=went)

   Dad went(V.)to the airport to see his friends off.

例3.為了通過數學考試(to pass … =V.phr.=>to V.=副=>V.=worked),維克多更努力了.

   To pass the math exam, Vick worked(V.)harder.

比較: 通過自然科考試(V.=>to V./Ving=N.=S.)對珍來說是小事一件.

   To..pass / Passing the science exam is(V.)a piece of cake for Jane.

à It is a piece of cake for Jane to..pass/ passing the science exam.

例4.這條河太危險了無法渡過(V.=>to V.=副=>副=too).

   This river was too dangerous to cross it.

à This river was so dangerous that we/people couldn’t cross it.

例5.這些故事書夠簡單,小孩子都會讀(V.=>to V.=副=>副=enough).

   The story books are easy enough for kids to read them.

à The story books are so easy that kids can read them.

例6.傑夫長高到可以碰到(V.=>to V.=副=>副=enough)籃框了.

   Jeff grew tall enough to touch the basketball hoop.

à Jeff grew so tall that he could touch the basketball hoop.

二.動名詞(gerund)是在原V.的字尾+ing而成. +ing代表動詞已經改變詞性,雖然意思不變,但詞性已從動詞轉變為名詞(可做S./O.),用法如下:

1. 動名詞(Ving)做主詞(S.)時,通常可以和不定詞(to V.)互換或以it(虛主詞)代替.

例1.與好友一起享受(V.=>to V./Ving=N.=S.)美食是一大樂事.

    To..enjoy/ Enjoying good food with good friends is great fun.

 à It is great fun to..enjoy/ enjoying good food with good friends.

例2.與家人共度(V.=>to V./Ving=N.=S.)時光是很重要的.

To..spend/ Spending time with the family is important.

 à It is important to..spend/ spending time with the family.

例3.友善(形=>to..be/being+形=>N.=S.)待人是有禮貌的.

    To..be/Being nice to others is(V.)polite.

 à It is polite to..be/being nice to others.

比較: 要對人友善,同學們.(祈使句用原V.) (省略主詞=you)

   To..be(x)/ Being(x)/ Be(0)nice to others, class.

   2.動名詞(Ving)做受詞(O.).  *** 僅限下列少數的及物動詞(及V.)/動詞片語(動片)         用動名詞(Ving)做受詞,而不可以用不定詞(to V.)做受詞.  切記! 切記!

如: enjoy(喜愛), spend(花費), finish(完成), miss(錯過),mind(介意),                 quit(放棄/戒除), avoid(避免),practice(練習), imagine(想像),

not …stand(無法忍受), give up(放棄), have fun/a..good..time

(做 …很開心),have a bad time(做 …   不開心), have trouble/problems

(做 …有困難),be good/poor at(擅長於/不擅長),be busy(in)(忙於),

be afraid of(害怕), be tired of(討厭) …

例1.我姊喜愛看漫畫書.My big sister enjoyed to..read(x)/reading(0)comic books.

例2.你介意把窗戶關上嗎? (請對方關窗戶)                  

 Do/ Would you mind(及V.)to..close(x)/closing(0)the windows?

是的.(表不同意)            /不,一點兒也不.(表同意)

Yes, I do. /would.         / No, I don’t /wouldn’t at all.

比較:你介意我把收音機開大聲點嗎?  Do/ Would you mind(及V.)turning..up(x)/

I..turning..up(x)/ my..turning..up(0)the radio?

à Do/ Would you mind(及V.)if(連)I(S.)turn..up(V.)the radio?

例3.你介意抽枝菸嗎? (請對方抽菸)

Do/ Would you mind(及V.)to..smoke? (x)/smoking? (0)

比較:你介意我吸煙嗎?

Do/ Would you mind(及V.)smoking? (x)/ I..smoking?  (x)/ my..smoking? (0)

à Do/ Would you mind(及V.)if(連)I(S.) smoke?(V.)

例4.雪莉害怕看恐怖片.Sherry’s afraid of(介)to..see(x)/seeing(0)horror movies.

例5.莉莉,別輕易放棄日文. /放棄唸日文.

Don’t quit Japanese / to..study(x)/studying(0)Japanese easily, Lily.

例6.莎莉,別放棄做一位成功的鋼琴家.

Sally, don’t give up to..be(x)/being(0)a successful pianist.

例7.你媽厭煩每天拖地洗衣嗎?  Does(x)/Is(0)your mom tired of(介)

mopping the floors and washing the clothes every day?

例8.你能想像生活裡沒有網路嗎?

Can you imagine to..live(x)/living(0)without(介)the Internet?

例9.你是如何避免犯錯的?

How do you avoid to..make(x)/making(0)a mistake?

例10.天色看起來要下雨了? It looks like(介)to..rain. (x)/raining. (x)/rain. (0)

比較:看起來他們有麻煩了.                                           (N.)

It looks like they are in trouble.